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Bovine ischaemic teat necrosis: combating a severe, emerging disease of economic importance

牛乳头缺血性坏死：对抗一种具有重要经济意义的新出现的严重疾病

基本信息

批准号：
1843429
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Liverpool
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1843429
关键词：
Bovine ischaemic teat necrosis combating

项目摘要

Bovine ischaemic teat necrosis (ITN) is a severe disease of dairy cattle with unknown aetiology and is rapidly increasing in prevalence. ITN frequently results in teat loss making it a substantial animal welfare issue with subsequent animal culling causing substantial economic losses.*Through preliminary microbiological analyses we identified a high association for treponemes, fastidious bacteria typically found within bovine digital dermatitis (DD) lesions, with bovine ITN whilst finding no evidence for herpesvirus or papillomavirus. *The aetiology of ITN requires further clarification. Metagenomics can clarify diversity and abundance of disease associated microorganisms and recent high throughput sequencing technology allows global shotgun metagenomic sequencing of entire DNA complements which can implicate or rule out the contribution of a range of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and fungi. *Whilst a pilot epidemiological study (see BBSRC remit section) begins to delineate relationships, a larger study is now needed to ascertain comprehensive between and within farm prevalence of ITN for the UK, to clarify the underlying risk factors and identify treatment options.*This project would partner with the UK Dairy Levy Board (AHDB Dairy), who recognise ITN as a severe emerging disease of economic importance, to use systems/data driven biology together with a range of complementary applied approaches to combat ITN.*Project hypotheses: 'i) there is a specific microbial consortium responsible for ITN & ii) there are specific risk factors associated with ITN'.*Research questions: 'a) what are the key microorganisms responsible for ITN & their associated infection reservoirs & b) what are the risk factors?' Aims and timelines:1) Identify key associated pathogens in ITN lesions (Months 1-26). Shotgun metagenomics for in depth data describing potential pathogens. Detailed histopathology studies to delineate ITN aetiology including immunohistochemistry of DD treponemes.2) Determine farmer reported prevalence and risk factors associated with ITN via postal questionnaire (Months 1-32). Generate comprehensive epidemiological data and enable risk factor identification allowing for potential control methods/guidelines to be developed.3) Develop diagnostic pathogen PCR assays to analyse further ITN lesions, the host environment and faeces (Months 24-36). Diagnostic PCR assays allow greater numbers of ITN lesions to be investigated further delineating aetiology and then to identify infection reservoirs.4) Use novel in vitro approaches towards control and/or treatment of disease (Months 33-43). Tailored to key pathogens identified in 1), risk factors and infection reservoirs in 2) and 3). To include pathogen susceptibility testing of novel disinfectants/antiseptics/antibiotics or investigations into equipment/environment decontamination.5) Thesis write up (Months 46-48).*Bovine ITN is a severe teat disease of dairy cattle and frequently results in extensive self-licking leading to destruction of the entire teat. First reported ten years ago, in the last two years there has been an increase in UK reported cases, resulting in severe animal welfare issues, a substantial number of affected cows culled and substantial economic losses.*This project is extremely BBSRC relevant - it uses systems approaches and data driven biology to fundamentally understand complex biological processes to control an important emerging infectious disease. This should increase both animal health and welfare of these managed animals and reduce waste in the food chain strengthening food security with potential for technology development. Also involves collaborative research with users/stakeholders to inform policy/practice (AHDB Dairy).

牛缺血性乳头坏死（ITN）是一种病因不明的严重奶牛疾病，发病率迅速上升。ITN经常导致乳头损失，使其成为一个重大的动物福利问题，随后的动物扑杀造成重大的经济损失。通过初步的微生物学分析，我们确定了密螺旋体，挑剔的细菌通常发现在牛指皮炎（DD）病变，与牛ITN的高度关联，而没有发现疱疹病毒或乳头瘤病毒的证据。* 驱虫蚊帐的病因需要进一步澄清。宏基因组学可以阐明疾病相关微生物的多样性和丰度，并且最近的高通量测序技术允许对整个DNA互补物进行全局鸟枪法宏基因组测序，这可以暗示或排除一系列微生物（包括细菌、病毒和真菌）的贡献。* 虽然试点流行病学研究（见BBSRC职权范围部分）开始描绘关系，但现在需要进行更大规模的研究，以全面确定英国ITN农场之间和农场内的患病率，以澄清潜在的风险因素并确定治疗方案。该项目将与英国乳制品征税委员会（AHDB Dairy）合作，该委员会认识到ITN是一种具有经济重要性的严重新兴疾病，使用系统/数据驱动的生物学以及一系列互补的应用方法来对抗ITN。项目假设：“i）有一种特定的微生物群落负责ITN; ii）有与ITN相关的特定风险因素"。研究问题：“a）造成ITN及其相关感染宿主的关键微生物是什么？B）风险因素是什么？目标和时间表：1）确定ITN病变中的关键相关病原体（1-26个月）。霰弹枪宏基因组学用于描述潜在病原体的深度数据。详细的组织病理学研究，以描述ITN病因学，包括DD密螺旋体的免疫组织化学。2）通过邮寄问卷（第1-32个月）确定农民报告的ITN患病率和风险因素。3）开发诊断性病原体聚合酶链反应检测方法，以进一步分析经杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐病变、宿主环境和粪便（第24-36个月）。诊断PCR检测允许对更多数量的ITN病变进行研究，进一步描述病因，然后鉴定感染病原体。4）使用新的体外方法控制和/或治疗疾病（33-43个月）。针对1）中确定的关键病原体、2）和3）中的风险因素和感染宿主进行定制。包括新型消毒剂/防腐剂/抗生素的病原体敏感性测试或对设备/环境净化的调查。5）论文撰写（第46-48个月）。*牛ITN是一种严重的奶牛乳头疾病，经常导致广泛的自舔，导致整个乳头的破坏。10年前首次报告，在过去两年中，英国报告的病例有所增加，导致严重的动物福利问题，大量受影响的奶牛被扑杀，经济损失巨大。该项目与BBSRC非常相关-它使用系统方法和数据驱动的生物学从根本上了解复杂的生物过程，以控制重要的新兴传染病。这将增加动物健康和这些管理动物的福利，减少食物链中的浪费，加强粮食安全，并具有技术开发的潜力。还涉及与用户/利益攸关方的合作研究，为政策/做法提供信息（AHDB乳业）。