Effects of cigarette smoke on fetal and infant development

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Smoking during pregnancy, causes detrimental developmental outcomes post-birth, which is of major concern with only 47% of women successfully quitting during pregnancy. Although it is known that smoking in pregnancy is the cause of a range ofdetrimental developmental outcomes, including learning difficulties, attentional problems and poor lung development.Research directly examining prenatal effects of smoking on behaviour and following up these same behaviours postnatallyhas never been tested. All infants will be tested with the Bayley-Scales-of-Infant-Development at 2 months post-birth onmotor and socio-emotional behaviours. Previous research has used these scales designed to assess development from 1months of age. Differences between infants exposed to nicotine pre-birth controlling for post-birth exposure and non exposedinfants will be assessed. Association between levels of cigarette smoke exposure will be assessed in relation to infant motor performance as well as, socio-emotional performance and compared to non-exposed infants. Mixed model ANOVAs will assess differences between groups using maternal stress, depression and anxiety as covariates.- Study 1: Effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on fetal movement at 32 and 36 weeks gestation.- Study 2: Parental understanding of fetal and infant movement in relation to smoke exposure.- Study 3: Postnatal effects of prenatal exposure to nicotine on infant development (motor and socio-emotion).- Study 4: Longitudinal relationship between fetal and infant movement in relation to exposure to nicotine controlling for maternal stress, depression and anxiety.