Effects of State Preemption of Local Tobacco Control Legislation on Disparities in Tobacco Use, Exposure and Retail

国家抢先实施地方烟草控制立法对烟草使用、接触和零售差异的影响

• 批准号: 10681733
• 负责人: Carla J Berg
• 金额: $ 55.05万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-15 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10681733
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Advertisements; Advertising; Affect; Air; American; Attention; COVID-19; Categories; Classification; Code; Communities; Community Surveys; Consensus; County; Data; Databases; Disparity; Disparity population; Electronic cigarette; Empirical Research; Ethnic Origin; Face; Firearms; Foundations; Funding; Geography; Goals; Health; Individual; Industry; Laws; Lead; Licensing; Licensure; Link; Literature; Location; Measures; Minority Groups; National Health Interview Survey; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nutrition Policy; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Persons; Policies; Population; Public Health; Publishing; Race; Research; Rights; Rural; Rural Population; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Smoke; Socioeconomic Status; Source; State Government; Statutes and Laws; Subgroup; Surveys; System; Taxation; Taxes; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Translational Research; Vulnerable Populations; Walking; Work; Youth; density; environmental tobacco smoke exposure; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; health disparity; improved; indexing; information processing; low socioeconomic status; multilevel analysis; non-smoker; novel; preempt; public policy on tobacco; racial minority; reduce tobacco use; research data dissemination; rural dwellers; rural setting; smoke-free policy; smoking prevalence; sociodemographics; tobacco control; tobacco products; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY A key Healthy People 2030 Tobacco-Use Objective is to eliminate state preemption of local tobacco control. However, little published research has rigorously quantified the impacts of state preemption of local tobacco control, particularly: 1) across states and over time; 2) across a broad range of tobacco control efforts (e.g., restrictions on advertising, youth access); 3) across a range of key outcomes (e.g., youth and adult tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure [SHSe], tobacco retail); and 4) with regard to potential disproportionate impacts among certain subgroups that face tobacco-related disparities (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities, lower socioeconomic status [SES], those in rural settings). As initial evidence providing a basis for this proposal, our RWJF-funded research concluded that state smoke-free air preemption was associated with an increase in adult smoking prevalence and affect counties differently. This proposal will build on this work and advance the literature by filling the aforementioned gaps in the existing research. The long-term goal of this research is to inform policies to reduce tobacco use and related health disparities, as well as to inform policy efforts more broadly, particularly as public health issues, like firearm safety, nutrition policies, and COVID-19 mitigation measures, are increasingly subject to state preemption. Our objective is to advance our understanding of whether—and to what extent—enactment or repeal of state preemption on local tobacco control is associated with disparities in tobacco use, SHSe, and retail (sales, retailer density). Our central hypothesis is that state preemption results in disproportionately high tobacco use, SHSe, and retail in communities with greater racial/ethnic minorities, of lower SES, and/or in rural settings. Our rationale is that, by preempting local tobacco control, state governments deprive localities of a crucial tool for reducing the burden of tobacco in their communities, potentially widening disparities. We will analyze national data from 1999 to 2021 to examine the impacts of enactment or repeal of state preemption of 5 state tobacco preemption (i.e., smoke-free policy, advertising, licensure, youth access, and taxation). Our specific aims are to examine state preemption on tobacco control in relation to changes in: 1) individual-level tobacco use (including e-cigs) in adolescents and adults and nonsmokers' SHSe, and potential disproportionate impacts among certain subgroups of individuals; and 2) sales of tobacco products and tobacco retail density over time, and potential disproportionate impacts among communities representing those facing tobacco-related disparities. We will employ multilevel models and crosswalk/merge (state/local laws, outcomes, sociodemographics) data from various sources at different geographic levels. This study will have high impact, as it will: 1) add to the evidence base regarding state preemption impact on population outcomes and mechanisms of impact; 2) inform efforts to reduce tobacco use and related disparities; and 3) engage key tobacco control and policy experts in research dissemination.

项目摘要 一个关键的健康人2030烟草的目标是消除国家对局部烟草控制的先发制人。 但是，很少发表的研究严格量化了当地烟草的国家先发制人的影响 控制，特别是：1）跨州和随着时间的流逝； 2）在广泛的烟草控制工作中（例如， 广告的限制，青年访问）； 3）跨越一系列关键结果（例如，青年和成人烟草 使用，二手烟暴露[SHSE]，烟草零售）； 4）关于潜在的不成比例 面临与烟草相关差异的某些亚组的影响（例如，种族/族裔少数民族，较低 社会经济地位[SES]，在粗糙的环境中）。作为最初的证据为这一提议提供了基础，我们 RWJF资助的研究得出的结论是，无烟的空气先发制人与增加有关 成人吸烟率和影响县的影响不同。该建议将以这项工作为基础，并提高 通过填补现有研究中的优先差距来通过填补文献。这项研究的长期目标是 告知政策以减少烟草使用和相关的健康分配，并向政策努力提供更多信息 从广义上讲，尤其是作为公共卫生问题，例如枪支安全，营养政策和COVID-19 措施越来越多地受到国家的先发制人。我们的目标是提高我们对 是否以及在何种程度上 - 对当地烟草控制的国家先发制人的制定或废除是相关的 烟草使用，shse和零售（销售，零售商密度）的分布。我们的中心假设是国家 先发制人会导致更大的烟草使用，零售和零售业较高 种族/族裔少数群体，较低的SE和/或在粗糙的环境中。我们的理由是，通过抢占本地 烟草控制，州政府剥夺了地方的重要工具，以减轻烟草的负担 社区，可能扩大差距。我们将分析1999年至2021年的国家数据，以检查 颁布或废除5个州烟草先发制的国家先发制人的影响（即无烟政策， 广告，许可，青年访问和税收）。我们的具体目的是检查国家先发制人 与以下更改有关的烟草控制：1）青少年和 成人和非吸烟者的档案，以及某些个体亚组的潜在影响不成比例的影响； 2）随着时间的推移，烟草产品和烟草零售密度的销售以及潜在的不成比例的影响 在代表面临烟草相关差距的人的社区中。我们将采用多级模型 和人行横道/合并（州/地方法律，结果，社会人口统计学）数据来自不同来源 地理水平。这项研究将产生很大的影响：1）添加到有关状态的证据基础上 先发制人对人口成果和影响机制的影响； 2）告知减少烟草使用的努力 和相关差距； 3）参与研究传播的关键烟草控制和政策专家。