MECHANICAL ORGINS OF SHOCK INDUCED BIOEFFECTS IN SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY

该资助是多学科合作研究的延续 肾脏软组织损伤的机械启动和 ESWL 冲击波对组织类似物造成损伤。进行实验 在我们自己设计的模仿 Dornier HM3 的实验室碎石机中 电动液压碎石机。有限差分数值解 获得欧拉方程用于聚焦与相互作用的冲击波 组织和肾结石。与以下机构进行合作研究 本计划的其他项目 项目拨款以推进以下目标 格兰特。该项目的目标是： I. 扩展我们之前的工作中制定的剂量标准 平面膜对更复杂的弱介质的无空化失效 机械结构，并与项目 2 合作，在体外 细胞培养物。该目标包括开发组织模型 它可靠地模拟了软组织的冲击波散射特性， 开发PVDF换能器阵列，研究膜 材料/无空化主体流体组合和薄膜 用于损伤研究的圆柱形结构，以及与 项目 1 和 2 制定基于物理的定量定义 ESWL 剂量。 二. 在项目 4 中发起一项新的努力来展示 通过 ESWL 粉碎肾结石。这一目标包括利用 霍普金森杆技术来表征真实的失效动态 和幻影演算，以及忠实地发展石头幻影 模仿肾结石的失败模型。 三．开发数值方法来求解精确的欧拉方程 运动。这一目标包括采用 Amrita 解决问题的方法 环境冲击波聚焦问题、冲击波计算 在均匀和非均匀介质中通过椭圆聚焦并计算 冲击波冲击引起的波形和压应力 理论微积分上的波浪。 上述目标旨在检验的假设包括： 1. ESWL剂量的定量定义，基于物理 波和组织的特性，可以被开发来量化 ESWL 对组织的机械输入。 2. ESWL 中肾结石的粉碎是在冲击压迫下发生的 动态疲劳。 3.冲击压力和波浪几何形状的精确数值计算 冲击波聚焦期间可以用实验数据来阐明 结石粉碎和组织损伤的机制。

This grant is the continuation of a collaborative multi-disciplinary study of the mechanical initiation of injury to soft tissue in the kidney and of damage to tissue analogs by ESWL shock waves. Experiments are carried out in a laboratory lithotripter of our own design that mimics the Dornier HM3 electrohydraulic lithotripter. Finite-difference numerical solutions of the Euler equations are obtained for focusing shock waves interacting with tissue and kidney stones. Cooperative research is carried out with the other Projects of this Program Project Grant to advance the objectives of the Grant. The aims of this Project are: I. Extend the dose criterion developed in our previous work on the cavitation-free failure of planar membranes to more complex weak mechanical structures and, in collaboration with Project 2, to in vitro cell cultures. Included in this aim is the development of a tissue phantom which reliably mimics the shock-wave scattering properties of soft tissue, development PVDF transducer arrays, investigation of membrane material/cavitation-free host fluid combinations and thin-membrane cylindrical structures for damage studies, and collaborations with Projects 1 and 2 to develop a physically-based quantitative definition of ESWL dose. II. Initiate a new effort in Project 4 to demonstrate the mechanisms of kidney stone comminution by ESWL. Included in this aim is utilization of the Hopkinson bar technique to characterize the failure dynamics of real and phantom calculi, and development of a stone phantom which faithfully mimics the failure models of kidney stones. III. Develop numerical methods for solving the exact Euler equations of motion. Included in this aim is adaptation of the Amrita problem-solving environment to shock wave focusing problems, calculation of shock wave focusing by an ellipse in uniform and non-uniform media, and calculation of wave shapes and compressive stresses induced by impingement of a shock wave on a theoretical calculus. The hypothesis that the above aims are designed to test include: 1. A quantitative definition of ESWL dose, based on the physical properties of waves and tissue, can be developed to quantify the mechanical input of ESWL to tissue. 2. Comminution of kidney stones in ESWL occurs under shock compression by dynamic fatigue. 3. Accurate numerical calculations of shock pressure and wave geometry during shock wave focusing can be used with experimental data to elucidate mechanisms of stone comminution and tissue injury.