Dinner for two - how does a pathogen access host resources? (FAULKNER_J17DTP)

两人晚餐——病原体如何访问宿主资源？

• 批准号: 1917983
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1917983
• 关键词: Dinner; two; how; does; pathogen

Pathogens rely on host resources to grow and reproduce. During the infection process, biotrophic pathogens manipulate host cells in order to optimize host cellular processes to their benefit and access resources. In plants, the cytoplasm is connected between cells forming a multicellular entity known as the symplast and this allows direct exchange of nutrients and sugars between cells. Membrane-line pores called plasmodesmata connect the symplast from cell to cell and pathogens can access resources in non-infected cells and tissues through these connections. The regulation of plasmodesmata (whether they are open or closed) can define the transport and distribution of small molecules like sugars between cells and tissues. Current data suggests that while the host tries to close plasmodesmata to cut off the pathogen, the pathogen can override this and access non-infected cells. Some pathogens produce effector proteins that can move from infected cells into the surrounding non-infected cells via plasmodesmata. This enables pathogens to invade and influence cells that they haven't yet infected. This project will examine how the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis manipulates cells around infection sites, and which effectors it deploys to do so. In parallel, the project will assess how plasmodesmal function can affect infection success with the aim of determining if the host can cut off the supply of resources to the host to enhance resistance. The project will employ a combination of molecular biology, live-cell imaging and gene expression analysis to address this element of plant-pathogen interactions.

病原体依赖宿主资源生长和繁殖。在感染过程中，活体营养型病原体操纵宿主细胞，以优化宿主细胞过程，使其受益并获得资源。在植物中，细胞质连接在细胞之间，形成称为共质体的多细胞实体，这允许细胞之间直接交换营养物质和糖。被称为胞间连丝的膜线孔连接细胞与细胞的共质体，病原体可以通过这些连接获得未感染细胞和组织中的资源。胞间连丝的调节（无论它们是开放的还是闭合的）可以定义小分子如糖在细胞和组织之间的运输和分布。目前的数据表明，当宿主试图关闭胞间连丝以切断病原体时，病原体可以超越这一点并进入未感染的细胞。一些病原体产生效应蛋白，其可以通过胞间连丝从感染的细胞移动到周围的未感染的细胞中。这使得病原体能够侵入并影响它们尚未感染的细胞。该项目将研究生物营养型病原体阿拉伯透明霜霉如何操纵感染部位周围的细胞，以及它部署了哪些效应器来做到这一点。与此同时，该项目将评估胞间连丝功能如何影响感染成功，目的是确定宿主是否可以切断对宿主的资源供应以增强抵抗力。该项目将采用分子生物学、活细胞成像和基因表达分析相结合的方法来解决植物-病原体相互作用的这一因素。

项目成果

Colletotrichum higginsianum effectors exhibit cell to cell hypermobility in plant tissues and modulate intercellular connectivity amongst a variety of cellular processes

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.13.426415
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: M. Ohtsu;J. Jennings;M. Johnston;Xiaokun Liu;Nathan Hughes;K. Stark;R. Morris;Jeroen de Keijzer-Jeroen-de