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Making Future Space: Imagining the Smart Nation in Singapore

创造未来空间：想象新加坡的智慧国家

基本信息

批准号：
1925404
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1925404
关键词：
Making Future Space Imagining Smart

项目摘要

Since independence in the 1960s, the government has articulated plans to mould Singapore into a "Smart Nation", wherein people are "empowered through increased access to data, participatory through contribution of innovative ideas, and have an anticipatory government that utilises technology to serve citizens". These initiatives have largely taken the form of inscribing data-gathering technologies into the urban fabric and into residents' homes: artificial trees measuring air quality, street cameras and taxi GPS trackers transmitting information on traffic congestion, RFID cards identifying impaired people on crosswalks, and sensors tracking motion in the homes of the elderly, to name a few. In short, Singapore is enmeshed in a dense web of "smart" technologies. But for whom is the smart city smart? How does a government imagine and materially enact a city of the future through data-gathering technologies, and how do residents engage and rework these technologies and imagined futures? How do these technologically-driven future-making attempts shape existing social relations, and how are they shaped by them?To approach these questions, I propose to conduct an ethnography of a public housing community in Singapore, tracing the design, development, and usage of "smart" technologies that residents interact with in their daily lives, as well as the social life of the data they produce. Anthropological work on technology and the data it produces generally takes one of two forms: a study of the "elites" responsible for designing and developing the technology (e.g. Kelty 2008) or how pre-given technologies are reshaped by existing community relations and cultural norms (e.g. Miller 2011). Rather than taking a traditional approach and studying a specific social or ethnic group in Singapore (e.g. urban planners or Malay Singaporeans) I take a city as my object of study: a heterogeneous space crosscut with diverse lives, social practices, and technologies. A rapidly increasing percentage of the global population is migrating to urban areas. The Singaporean case offers a means of employing traditional ethnographic methods that seek to understand everyday lived experiences of the city, while also allowing me to move beyond studies of a single group and trace a technology in the making as it moves through diverse spatial and social domains.My research combines a traditional community-based ethnographic approach in a residential field site with a material-semiotic approach that follows a technology (data-gathering smart home sensors) through a system. Using these intertwined approaches, I seek to understand how the future of a city is imagined, designed, and lived. The project is clearly focused in that it selects only one technology and one neighbourhood through which to look at these developments, yet open-ended in that it enquires after Singapore's aspirations for the future of the city as a whole, and how residents' daily lives are affected by technologies meant to capture their data and mould them into model urban citizens.Housing is both a key target of Singapore's Smart Nation plan and a site of sociocultural management.About 90 percent of citizens live in public housing blocks ("HDBs") that are highly regulated by the government. To promote what it terms "racial harmony", the government has imposed ethnic quotas, such that blocks must roughly reflect the ethnic makeup of the population: 80 percent Chinese Singaporean, 15 percent Malay Singaporean, and 5 percent Indian Singaporean. HDB towns are designed to be uniform and to have all required amenities, so residents are not motivated to burden the transit system by moving across the city. Due to these projects of social, infrastructural, and technological design, each housing block is explicitly made a microcosm of Singaporean society as a whole.As a result, I propose to do research in an HDB town in Singapore, specifically Yuhua in Jurong East. Yuhua is of particular intere

自20世纪60年代独立以来，政府一直在制定计划，将新加坡塑造成一个“智能国家”，其中人民“通过增加对数据的访问获得权力，通过贡献创新思想参与，并拥有一个利用技术为公民服务的预期政府”。这些举措在很大程度上采取了将数据收集技术融入城市结构和居民家中的形式：测量空气质量的人造树木、传输交通拥堵信息的街道摄像头和出租车GPS跟踪器、识别人行横道上残疾人的RFID卡以及跟踪老年人家中运动的传感器，仅举几例。简而言之，新加坡正陷入一个密集的“智能”技术网络。智慧城市到底是为谁而智慧？政府如何通过数据收集技术来想象和实际制定未来的城市，以及居民如何参与和改造这些技术和想象的未来？这些技术驱动的创造未来的尝试如何塑造现有的社会关系，以及它们是如何塑造的？为了解决这些问题，我建议在新加坡的公共住房社区进行民族志，追踪居民在日常生活中互动的“智能”技术的设计，开发和使用，以及他们产生的数据的社会生活。人类学对技术及其产生的数据的研究通常采取两种形式之一：一是对负责设计和开发技术的“精英”的研究（例如，Kobel 2008），二是对现有社区关系和文化规范如何重塑预先给定的技术的研究（例如，米勒2011）。我没有采用传统的方法，研究新加坡的特定社会或种族群体（例如城市规划者或马来新加坡人），而是将城市作为我的研究对象：一个具有不同生活、社会实践和技术的异质空间。全球人口向城市地区迁移的比例迅速增加。新加坡的案例提供了一种采用传统民族志方法的方法，这种方法试图了解城市的日常生活经验，同时也让我超越了对单一群体的研究，追踪了一种正在形成的技术，因为它在不同的空间和社会领域中移动。我的研究结合了传统的基于社区的民族志方法，在一个住宅现场，（数据收集智能家居传感器）通过一个系统。通过这些相互交织的方法，我试图了解一个城市的未来是如何想象、设计和生活的。该项目的重点很明确，因为它只选择了一种技术和一个社区来看待这些发展，但它是开放的，因为它询问了新加坡对整个城市未来的期望，以及居民的日常生活如何受到旨在捕捉他们的数据并将他们塑造成模范城市公民的技术的影响。住房既是新加坡智能国家计划的关键目标，大约90%的公民居住在政府高度管制的公共住房区（“HDB”）。为了促进所谓的“种族和谐”，政府规定了种族配额，这样街区必须大致反映人口的种族构成：80%的新加坡华人，15%的新加坡马来人和5%的新加坡印度人。建屋发展局城镇的设计是统一的，并有所有必要的设施，所以居民没有动力通过在城市中移动来增加交通系统的负担。由于这些社会、基础设施和技术设计的项目，每一个住宅区显然都是新加坡社会的缩影。因此，我建议在新加坡的一个组屋镇，特别是裕廊东的裕华进行研究。余华特别感兴趣。