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How 'Fair' is Self-Published Fanfiction? A Mixed Methods Law & Economics Study

自行出版的同人小说有多“公平”？

基本信息

批准号：
1936804
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of East Anglia
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1936804
关键词：
How Fair Self Published Fanfiction

项目摘要

This research aims to evaluate whether the fair dealing/fair use exceptions for copyright infringement can be used to cover fanfiction works. These exceptions (s29-30 Copyright Designs & Patents Act (CDPA) 1988/s107 US Copyright Act (USCA) 1976) ensure that copyright works deemed to be infringing but that have a 'fair' reason behind them can be published, and allow for social consideration regarding whether the copying was 'fair' to be argued before the court. Fanfiction is created by fans of the underlying work, who rewrite stories using characters and locations from other media works such as TV shows, books or films. It is not a new type of work, but due to the operation of the Internet it has increased in popularity and can be published on websites such as Fanfiction.Net and read all over the world. Previously it has been published for free online meaning most copyright owners have decided not to pursue infringement cases, however there is an increasing number of fanfiction works such as Fifty Shades of Grey that start as fanfiction before being pulled offline, slightly altered to remove direct copyright infringement and published for profit. This work will focus on the economic effect of fanfiction on the current and back catalogue of works of the original author, in order to prove whether there is a need for a protective IP right such as copyright to apply, and if so whether fanfiction infringes copyright in the underlying work as has been presumed thus far, and also whether there is a measurable effect on the demand for future works by the same author. If the effect on future demand is more noticeable, it could be argued that the protection should be provided instead by the more commercial trade mark law. There must be a congruent analysis into both the effects of other forms of self-published fiction and ebooks, in order to prove that the results found are not due to the self-published nature of the works or their electronic nature. This will be mixed methods research incorporating doctrinal, empirical and quantitative methods in order to thoroughly test my hypothesis that fanfiction should be held to come within a fair dealing exception. This research will undertake empirical research in order to investigate the awareness of users of both fanfiction and the copyright law exceptions that may apply. This will enable me to argue whether, if fanfiction is covered by fair dealing at present, it may also need a specific exception to cover it in order to clarify any misconceptions and information failures that may act as barriers to entry onto the market. Summary of Research Aims:To examine the effectiveness of the fair dealing copyright exception in the digital single market; To consider, in particular, the effect of fanfiction on the market for fiction;To analyse the amount of fanfiction online in comparison to standard and self-published fiction; To explore the reasons people create and consume fanfiction online and whether licensing would be an effective method of regulating this; To understand the responses of readers, authors and publishers to fanfiction;To develop recommendations for effective copyright protection of transformative works of fiction.BibliographyInterlego AG v Tyco Industries Inc [1989] AC 217 University of London Press v University Tutorial Press Ltd [1916] 2 Ch 601Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society US Copyright Act 1976

本研究旨在评估版权侵权的公平交易/合理使用例外是否可以用于涵盖同人小说作品。这些例外情况（《版权设计与专利法》(CDPA) 1988/s107 《美国版权法》(USCA) 1976 第 29-30 条）确保被视为侵权但背后有“公平”理由的版权作品可以出版，并允许社会考虑复制是否“公平”，以便在法庭上进行辩论。同人小说是由基础作品的粉丝创作的，他们使用电视节目、书籍或电影等其他媒体作品中的人物和地点重写故事。它并不是一种新类型的作品，但由于互联网的运作，它的受欢迎程度有所提高，可以在Fanfiction.Net等网站上发布并在全世界范围内阅读。此前，它在网上免费出版，这意味着大多数版权所有者决定不追究侵权诉讼，但越来越多的同人文作品，如《五十度灰》，最初是同人小说，然后被下线，稍作修改以消除直接版权侵权，并以盈利为目的出版。这项工作将重点关注同人小说对原作者当前和过往作品目录的经济影响，以证明是否需要申请版权等保护性知识产权，如果需要，同人小说是否侵犯了目前所推定的基础作品的版权，以及是否对同一作者未来作品的需求产生可衡量的影响。如果对未来需求的影响更加明显，则可以认为应该由更商业化的商标法提供保护。必须对其他形式的自出版小说和电子书的影响进行一致的分析，以证明所发现的结果不是由于作品的自出版性质或其电子性质所致。这将是一种混合方法研究，结合了理论、实证和定量方法，以彻底检验我的假设，即同人小说应被视为公平交易例外。本研究将进行实证研究，以调查用户对同人小说和可能适用的版权法例外情况的认识。这将使我能够争论，如果同人小说目前受到公平交易的保护，是否还需要一个特定的例外情况来涵盖它，以澄清可能成为进入市场障碍的任何误解和信息失误。研究目的摘要：检验数字单一市场中公平交易版权例外的有效性；特别考虑同人小说对小说市场的影响；与标准小说和自行出版的小说相比，分析在线同人小说的数量；探讨人们在线创作和消费同人小说的原因，以及许可是否是监管这种行为的有效方法；了解读者、作者和出版商对同人小说的反应；为小说变革性作品的有效版权保护制定建议。 BibliographyInterlego AG v Tyco Industries Inc [1989] AC 217 University of London Press v University Tutorial Press Ltd [1916] 2 Ch 601Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 Directive 2001/29/EC of the Europe Council and Council of 5 22 May 2001年关于信息社会中版权及相关权某些方面的协调《1976 年美国版权法》