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The Big Chill - Observing and modelling cold air outbreaks

大寒潮 - 观察和模拟冷空气爆发

基本信息

批准号：
1941538
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of East Anglia
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1941538
关键词：
Big Chill Observing modelling cold

项目摘要

In this project you will investigate cold-air outbreaks using a number of case studies gathered from aircraft-based field campaigns. You will run the Met Office's Unified Model (the MetUM) at high resolution to simulate these cases and make use of the detailed in-situ observations to challenge the model forecasts. You will test various new model parameterizations, for example, testing the 'blended' 3D/1D turbulence scheme; testing new developments in cloud microphysics parameterization; and simulating cloud streets (Liu et al. Geophysical Res. Lett. 2004). The MetUM is a state-of-the art numerical weather and climate prediction model, which is used for operational weather forecasting, seasonal forecasting and climate modelling on all scales. Consequently your research with the MetUM is expected to lead to direct improvements in these applications. You may also make use of a 'Single Column Model' version of the MetUM, which is simpler to run and allows controlled single point experiments. The observational data includes one cold-air outbreak case from GFDex (the Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment; Renfrew et al., Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 2008) in which the aircraft followed a Lagrangian 'air parcel', thus allowing sources and sinks of heat and moisture to be accurately observed. It also includes several cold-air outbreak flights from the ACCACIA project (flying over sea ice around Svalbard in the Arctic during March 2013), and from the PIKNMIX project (flying over the sea between Iceland and the UK). Several case studies will be chosen for closer examination and simulation. You will also have the opportunity to take part in a major international field campaign focused on the Iceland and Greenland Seas in March 2018, when new aircraft-based and ship-based boundary-layer observations of cold-air outbreaks will be made. The Iceland Sea is relatively little-studied, but this is now changing, as we are discovering it plays a critical role in creating and transporting dense water from the subpolar seas into the North Atlantic and this role is now being affected by Arctic sea-ice retreat (Moore et al., Nat. Clim. Change, 2015; and see https://theconversation.com/declining-winter-sea-ice-near-greenland-spells-cooler-climate-for-europe-42976). This field campaign will enable a considerable step forward in our understanding of these processes, and your contribution will contribute to furthering our understanding of the role that cold-air outbreaks play in this critical region.

在本项目中，您将使用从飞机现场活动中收集的大量案例研究来调查冷空气爆发。您将以高分辨率运行英国气象局的统一模型 (MetUM) 来模拟这些情况，并利用详细的现场观测来挑战模型预测。您将测试各种新模型参数化，例如，测试“混合”3D/1D 湍流方案；测试云微物理参数化的新进展；以及模拟云街（Liu et al. Geophysical Res. Lett. 2004）。 MetUM 是最先进的数值天气和气候预测模型，用于所有尺度的业务天气预报、季节预报和气候建模。因此，您与 MetUM 的研究预计将直接改进这些应用。您还可以使用 MetUM 的“单柱模型”版本，它运行起来更简单，并且允许进行受控单点实验。观测数据包括 GFDex 的一次冷空气爆发案例（格陵兰流动扭曲实验；Renfrew 等人，Bull.Amer.Meteorol.Soc.，2008），其中飞机跟随拉格朗日“空气团”，从而可以准确观察热量和湿气的源头和汇点。它还包括 ACCACIA 项目（2013 年 3 月飞越北极斯瓦尔巴群岛周围的海冰）和 PIKNMIX 项目（飞越冰岛和英国之间的海域）的几次冷空气爆发航班。将选择几个案例研究进行更仔细的检查和模拟。您还将有机会参加 2018 年 3 月以冰岛和格陵兰海为重点的重大国际实地活动，届时将对冷空气爆发进行新的机载和船载边界层观测。冰岛海的研究相对较少，但这种情况现在正在发生变化，因为我们发现它在产生浓水并将其从副极地海洋输送到北大西洋方面发挥着关键作用，而这一作用现在正受到北极海冰消退的影响（Moore et al., Nat. Clim. Change, 2015；并参见 https://theconversation.com/declined-winter-sea-ice-near-greenland-spells-cooler-climate-for-europe-42976）。这次实地活动将使我们对这些过程的理解向前迈出一大步，您的贡献将有助于进一步了解冷空气爆发在这一关键地区所扮演的角色。