Using landscape genomics to improve management of insect pest species

利用景观基因组学改善害虫物种的管理

• 批准号: 1941974
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1941974
• 关键词: Using; landscape; genomics; improve; management

Insect pests have a widespread negative impact in agriculture, resulting in very large economic loses. Monitoring and surveillance of pest species is fundamental to control their populations and reduce the damage they inflict on crops. This is because an early detection improves the chances of controlling them before they spread out and increase their population size. However, studying the migration of small insects can be problematic due to the difficulty of tracking individuals. In addition, resistance to pest control methods, whether to insecticide or to host-plant resistant cultivars, is becoming an increasingly important issue. Inferring the population structure of pest species and the connectivity across populations and landscapes is key to understand migration patterns, which can be used to inform pest surveillance and control schemes. This fully-funded project provides an exciting opportunity to apply population genomics and evolutionary concepts to improve insect pest management and understand the evolution of resistance.The project will use Nasonovia ribisnigri, the currant-lettuce aphid, as a model system to evaluate how landscape genomics can be used to improve aphid surveillance and control the spread of resistance alleles. The currant-lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, is a major pest of lettuce crops responsible for large economic losses. One of the most efficient way to reduce aphid infestations and damage is growing host-resistant lettuce cultivars that stop aphids from colonising the plant. However, the capacity of breaking the host-plant resistance mechanism (Rb) has recently evolved in some biotypes. In these circumstances, surveillance and monitoring of crops becomes of great importance to produce early warning information that would improve targeted control of N. ribisnigri before aphids enter the lettuce head. However, the paradox is that whilst winged aphids are quick to colonise the lettuce crop in spring they are unusually scarce in both water traps and suction traps. Understanding the migration patterns of the species is, therefore, fundamental to design efficient methods of capture and control. For this, the project will use genomics to infer the population structure and the levels of gene flow between populations of N. ribisnigri at different geographic scales and different landscapes. This knowledge will be used to develop surveillance methods that maximise the observation of individuals of the species at the early stages of their migration into the crops. Furthermore, these results combined with the development of genome-wide markers for the Rb phenotype will provide fundamental information about the evolution and spread of resistance across the UK.You will be based at Rothamsted Research working within the Insect Survey group, a national capability dedicated to the monitoring of aphid and moth populations in the UK. You will be registered at the University of Warwick and field work will be carried out closely with the UK's leading lettuce producer G's. Thus, the studentship offers extensive opportunities to engage with one of Europe's leading family-owned fresh produce companies, growing and supplying a vast array of fresh, high quality crops to all the major UK retailer and many European retailers.

害虫在农业生产中具有广泛的负面影响，造成了很大的经济损失。监测和监视有害生物种类对于控制其种群和减少其对作物造成的损害至关重要。这是因为早期发现可以提高在它们扩散并增加其种群规模之前控制它们的机会。然而，由于难以跟踪个体，研究小昆虫的迁移可能存在问题。此外，对害虫控制方法的抗性，无论是对杀虫剂还是对寄主植物抗性品种的抗性，正在成为一个日益重要的问题。推断有害生物物种的种群结构以及种群和景观之间的连通性是了解迁移模式的关键，可用于为有害生物监测和控制计划提供信息。这个获得全额资助的项目提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，应用种群基因组学和进化概念来改善害虫管理和了解抗性的进化。该项目将使用Nasonovia ribisnigri，醋栗莴苣蚜虫，作为一个模型系统，以评估如何利用景观基因组学来改善蚜虫监测和控制抗性等位基因的传播。醋栗-莴苣蚜虫Nasonovia ribisnigri是莴苣作物的主要害虫，造成巨大的经济损失。减少蚜虫侵扰和损害的最有效方法之一是种植抗宿主生菜品种，阻止蚜虫在植物上定居。然而，打破寄主植物抗性机制（Rb）的能力，最近在一些生物型进化。在这种情况下，对作物的监测和监测对于提供早期预警信息，提高对氮素的有针对性的控制就变得非常重要。在蚜虫进入莴苣头之前。然而，自相矛盾的是，虽然有翼蚜虫在春天很快就在莴苣作物上定居，但在水陷阱和吸力陷阱中却异常稀少。因此，了解物种的迁移模式是设计有效的捕获和控制方法的基础。为此，该项目将使用基因组学来推断种群结构和种群之间的基因流水平。ribisnigri在不同的地理尺度和不同的景观。这些知识将用于开发监测方法，最大限度地观察物种个体在迁移到作物的早期阶段。此外，这些结果与Rb表型的全基因组标记的发展相结合，将提供有关抗性在英国的进化和传播的基本信息。你将在Rothamsted Research工作，在昆虫调查组工作，这是一个致力于监测英国蚜虫和蛾种群的国家能力。您将在沃里克大学注册，并与英国领先的生菜生产商G's密切合作。因此，学生奖学金提供了广泛的机会，与欧洲领先的家族式新鲜农产品公司之一，种植和供应大量的新鲜，高品质的作物，所有主要的英国零售商和许多欧洲零售商。