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The Impact of Spatial Clustering on the Labour Productivity of the UK Tourism and Hospitality Industry

空间集聚对英国旅游和酒店业劳动生产率的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1947110
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Surrey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1947110
关键词：
Impact Spatial Clustering Labour Productivity

项目摘要

This research aims to investigate the impact of spatial clustering of T&H firms on the labour productivity of the UK T&H industry, specifically on the implications of agglomeration economies for labour productivity both within (direct effects, accounting for spatial feedback effects) and between (indirect spatial spillover effects) spatial units. Employing under-exploited micro-level datasets from the UK Office for National Statistics, the impact of spatial clustering and agglomeration economies (labour market pooling and knowledge spillovers) on T&H labour productivity within and between local authority districts (LADs) was examined using spatial panel modelling. Based on 373 LADs across England, Scotland and Wales and for the period 2006-2016, the fixed-effect spatial Durbin panel model was estimated. Findings concluded that the increase in the degree of clustering of T&H firms has had negative effects on labour productivity of T&H firms within the LADs but also across, and from, neighbouring LADs and back. Labour market pooling variables have shown positive effects regarding the pool of skilled labour but the effects on productivity were negative in terms of the share in high-skilled jobs. Knowledge spillover effects on labour productivity of T&H firms within a LAD were insignificant, but when considering its spatial spillover effects, they were complementary, suggesting the importance of human capital externalities and their spillover effects across geographical boundaries. Moreover, the long-run effects of agglomeration economies were significantly greater than the short-run effects on the labour productivity of T&H firms within and between LADs, suggesting the need to take a long-run perspective on how spatial clustering and agglomeration economies affect T&H labour productivity within and between neighbouring regions. Using geographically weighted regression modelling, significant spatial variations in the relationship between spatial clustering and agglomeration economies and T&H labour productivity were identified within each LAD but also spillover effects across the neighbouring districts.

本研究旨在调查 T&H 公司的空间集聚对英国 T&H 行业劳动生产率的影响，特别是集聚经济对空间单位内部（直接效应，考虑空间反馈效应）和空间单位之间（间接空间溢出效应）劳动生产率的影响。利用英国国家统计局未充分利用的微观数据集，利用空间面板模型研究了空间集群和集聚经济（劳动力市场汇集和知识溢出）对地方当局地区（LAD）内部和之间的 T&H 劳动生产率的影响。基于 2006 年至 2016 年期间英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的 373 个 LAD，对固定效应空间杜宾面板模型进行了估计。调查结果表明，T&H 公司聚集程度的增加不仅对 LAD 内 T&H 公司的劳动生产率产生了负面影响，而且对邻近 LAD 之间以及来自邻近 LAD 的劳动生产率也产生了负面影响。劳动力市场汇集变量对熟练劳动力池产生了积极影响，但就高技能工作份额而言，对生产率的影响却是负面的。知识溢出效应对LAD内T&H公司劳动生产率的影响并不显着，但在考虑其空间溢出效应时，它们是互补的，这表明人力资本外部性及其跨越地理边界的溢出效应的重要性。此外，集聚经济对LAD内部和之间的T&H企业劳动生产率的长期影响明显大于短期影响，这表明需要从长期角度来看待空间集群和集聚经济如何影响邻近地区内部和之间的T&H劳动生产率。使用地理加权回归模型，在每个 LAD 内发现了空间集群和集聚经济与 T&H 劳动生产率之间关系的显着空间变化，而且还发现了邻近地区的溢出效应。