Ancient river systems on Mars: geological studies using high-resolution images and Digital Terrain Models

火星上的古代河流系统：使用高分辨率图像和数字地形模型进行地质研究

• 批准号: 1947505
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: The Open University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1947505
• 关键词: Ancient; river; systems; Mars; geological

- Study "inverted fluvial channels" (ancient preserved river systems) on Mars using the latest high-resolution images and terrain models, with the aim of understanding the timing and extent of fluvial activity during the period of Mars' history most relevant to the search for signs of past life.- The project will focus on the Arabia Terra region of Mars - an ancient and heavily degraded region that includes both candidate ExoMars Rover landing sites. The project will include mapping inverted channels systems and possible lake deposits in Antoniadi Crater (e.g. http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007095_2020) Description: The Arabia Terra region of Mars sits north of the equator, between the ancient southern highlands and the more recently emplaced northern plains of Mars. The region underwent significant deposition of sediments and significant erosion during Mars' most ancient "Noachian" period. Recently, Arabia Terra has been observed to contain evidence for significant fluvial activity in the form of extensive, but discontinuous fluvial "inverted channels" [1]. These features are the preserved remnants of ancient riverbeds. They now form upstanding ridges because the channels are more erosion resistant than the terrains surrounding them. In this project, we will first take a synoptic view, using both high-resolution (HiRISE, 25cm/pixel) and medium resolution (Cassis and CTX, 5-6 m/pixel) images to study the channel systems in detail by detailing their morphology, stratigraphy, and erosional style across the area. Key elements of this study include developing a classification scheme for the channels, constraining the variations in morphology and stratigraphy, and comparing and contrasting them with terrestrial fluvial inverted channels [e.g., 2], and with inverted and conventional fluvial channels elsewhere on Mars [e.g., 3].The second part of the project will focus on a specific area - Antoniadi crater. Antoniadi Crater represent a microcosm for the late Noachian environment: it is a crater lake with Noachian-aged outlet channel , and the floor of the crater hosts diverse terrains ranging from truly dendritic inverted channel systems spatially associated with polygonised terrains and sediment fan-like landforms, to surfaces uplifted by volcanic intrusions and small scale volcanic edifices. Importantly, the timing of events in Antoniadi Crater can be bracketed by superposing large impact craters and other geological events, such as emplacement of lava flows from the nearby Syrtis Major volcanic province. The successful student will produce a geological/geomorphological map of the region to build a refined view of the history of flowing water on ancient Mars.

- 研究使用最新的高分辨率图像和地形模型在火星上进行的“倒河流通道”（古代保存的河流系统），目的是了解火星历史上与寻找过去的生活迹象最相关的河流活动的时间和程度。该项目将包括映射倒置的频道系统和Antoniadi火山口的可能的湖泊沉积物（例如http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/psp_007095_2020）描述：火星北部的阿拉伯Terra地区位于北部高地的北部高地和北部北部的北部，北部的北部和北部北部。该地区在火星最古老的“ Noachian”时期进行了大量沉积物的沉积和重大侵蚀。最近，已经观察到阿拉伯Terra包含以广泛但不连续的河流“倒置通道”的形式表明河流活性的证据[1]。这些特征是古代河床的保存残留物。现在，它们形成了正直的山脊，因为这些通道比周围的地形更具侵蚀性。在这个项目中，我们将首先使用高分辨率（Hirise，25cm/Pixel）和中分辨率（Cassis and CTX，5-6 m/Pixel）图像同时使用概要视图，以详细详细研究通道系统，以详细研究其各个地区的形态，地层学和侵蚀风格。这项研究的关键要素包括为渠道开发分类方案，限制形态和地层的变化，并将它们与陆地河流倒置通道进行比较和对比[例如2]，以及倒置的倒置和常规的库河渠道，以及在火星上的其他地方[E.G.，3]。 Antoniadi火山口代表了晚期Noachian环境的缩影：它是一个带有Noachian衰老渠道的火山口湖，火山口的地面具有不同的地形，从真正的树突状倒置的渠道系统在空间上在空间上与多边形的地形和沉积物般的扇形狂热的地面相关，并浮出水面的散布量和小量的彩票。重要的是，可以通过超级撞击火山口和其他地质事件（例如附近的西尔蒂斯大型火山省的熔岩流）来括起来的安东尼二火山口事件时机。成功的学生将制作该地区的地质/地貌图，以建立对古代火星流动历史的精致看法。