The evolution of cascade frogs with gastromyzophorus tadpoles: Do Sumatran species distribution patterns correlate with ancient river systems?

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Sundaland is a "hotspot of biodiversity hotspots" in the sense that the mega-diverse area is divided into many islands with unique fauna. During geologic times the islands Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and many smaller ones in the area have be connected to each other and to mainland Asia by land during Pleistocene periods of low sea levels. In this project we investigate the distribution, phylogenetic relationships, systematics, and morphology of the Sumatran members of the Cascade Frogs, genus Huia. Samples will be taken along Sumatra's longitudinal mountain range and investigate if there are patterns of the distribution of the species and intraspecific patterning detectable in genetic and morphometric traits that can be correlated with Sumatra/Java geologic history. Specifically, because these frogs are highly dependent on river systems for reproduction, we analyze whether the three ancient Sunda river systems that formed watersheds for Sumatra and Java during the Pleistocene may have led to intra- or interspecific patterns. Extrapolations to other frog groups on Sumatra are expected. The discovery of new species in this mega-diverse area is highly likely in the course of this research. Knowing the distribution of these species, that are highly adapted to clear fast-flowing water with their specialized larvae, can contribute to future conservation decisions in this highly threatened area of the world.