Law in War: Targeting, Legal Reasoning and the Use of Force in Armed Conflict

战争法：武装冲突中的目标定位、法律推理和使用武力

• 批准号: 1949392
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1949392
• 关键词: Law; War; Targeting; Legal; Reasoning

The objective of the PhD thesis is to examine the changing character of law in war, focussing specifically on the role that legal considerations play in decisions surrounding targeting and the use of force in situations of armed conflict. Exactly how legal considerations should shape decisions in armed conflict is a matter of fierce debate. At the same time, however, the role that the law actually does play in situations of war remains under-explored. With a focus on 'legal ethnomethods' in armed conflict, i.e. the practical forms of legal reasoning that military operatives collaboratively engage in as part of the decisions about when and how to employ the use of force, the thesis will seek to address that gap empirically, casting light on the role of the law on the battlefield. More specifically it will approach these issues by examining the cases where those who force was used against were wrongly viewed and categorised as 'legal' targets based on public domain audio, video and transcript data. It will focus on one case in particular, a drone-led airstrike against Afghan civilians who had been mistaken for enemy combatants. The analysis of the incident transcript will provide an empirical anchor for a wider examination of the work of the 'military viewer', i.e. the military personnel actively engaged in identifying 'threats', and the part legal reasoning plays in their targeting decisions. Contemporary targeting practices do result in unintended, unnecessary and unacceptable harms and the results of the thesis will examine exactly how legal reasoning is implicated in that.

博士论文的目的是研究法律在战争中不断变化的特点，特别侧重于法律的考虑在围绕武装冲突局势中的目标和使用武力的决定中发挥的作用。法律的考虑究竟应如何影响武装冲突中的决定是一个激烈辩论的问题。然而，与此同时，法律在战争局势中实际发挥的作用仍然没有得到充分探讨。重点放在“法律的ethnomethods”在武装冲突中，即实际形式的法律的推理，军事操作人员合作参与的一部分，决定何时以及如何使用武力，论文将寻求解决经验上的差距，铸造在战场上的法律的作用。更具体地说，它将通过审查那些被使用武力的人被错误地视为“法律的”目标的案件来处理这些问题，这些目标是基于公共领域的音频、视频和文字记录数据。它将特别关注一个案例，即无人驾驶飞机对被误认为敌方战斗人员的阿富汗平民进行空袭。对事件记录的分析将为更广泛地审查“军事观察者”（即积极参与识别“威胁”的军事人员）的工作以及法律的推理在其目标决策中所发挥的作用提供经验性的锚点。当代的目标选择做法确实会导致非故意的、不必要的和不可接受的伤害，本文的结果将确切地研究法律的推理是如何牵连其中的。