Studies Towards a Sustainable Synthesis of Polyisobutylene Succinic Anhydride

汽车添加剂被用于燃料、发动机和传动系流体以及润滑剂中，以提供更好的清洁度和车辆性能。这些添加剂使车辆更环保，因为它们提供更好的润滑性和更平稳，更有效的运行，从而减少磨损和退化，延长车辆的寿命。通过精心设计的多功能添加剂包，提高燃油经济性和质量，最大限度地提高里程，减少有害排放（包括有害颗粒物，一氧化碳，一氧化二氮和二氧化碳）。它们在车辆中的存在本质上是可持续的，但是某些成熟的添加剂的合成需要不可持续的高温和长时间的反应时间。因此，该项目的目标是为现有添加剂或具有改善的环境足迹的合适类似物找到更绿色，更可持续的合成路线。如果可以降低反应温度，那么年产量的巨大规模将在能源、二氧化碳排放和财务成本方面带来显著的预计节省。为确保成功实施，新流程可能实现的节约必须超过实施的足迹，以确保持久的可持续解决方案。建议的解决方案和方法这个项目的初步工作将集中在大学实验室环境中再现工业反应性。此外，初步的合成和分析将旨在模拟反应，以监测化学选择性和区域选择性，并测量未来催化剂的功效。提出了两种随后的催化剂筛，每种催化剂筛通过不同的机理激活反应。汽车工业限制了添加剂产品的组成，因此催化剂回收策略和/或负载型催化剂可能对商业潜力至关重要。成功的催化剂系统的可行性将在项目的工业赞助商的帮助下通过财务、绿色和生命周期指标进行评估。在该项目的后期阶段，将对有希望的候选物进行机械、动力学和催化剂稳定性研究，然后按比例合成最终添加剂，用于实际系统性能测试。如果初级催化剂筛选没有产生合适的系统，也概述了应急计划。该项目将在与工业赞助团队定期投入和协商的情况下进行。

Automotive additives are deployed into fuels, engine and driveline fluids and lubricants to provide improved cleanliness and vehicle performance. These additives make vehicles more environmentally friendly as they deliver improved lubricity and smoother, more efficient running, thus reducing wear and degradation and extending the life of the vehicle. Fuel economy and quality is improved by a carefully designed multifunctional additive package, maximising mileage, and reducing harmful emissions (including detrimental particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide). Their presence in vehicles is inherently sustainable, however the synthesis of certain well-established additives requires unsustainable high temperatures and extensive reaction times. Thus, the goal of this project is to find a greener and more sustainable synthetic route to existing additives, or suitable analogues with an improved environmental footprint. The vast scale of annual production translates to significant projected savings if the reaction temperature could be lowered, in terms of energy, CO2 emissions and financial costs. To ensure successful implementation, savings that could be realised by the new process must outweigh the footprint of implementation, to ensure a lasting sustainable solution. Proposed solution and methodologyInitial work on this project will focus on reproducing industrial reactivity in the university laboratory environment. In addition, preliminary synthesis and analysis will aim to model the reaction to allow chemo- and regioselectivity to be monitored, as well as measure the efficacy of future catalysts. Two subsequent catalyst screens are proposed, each activating the reaction by a different mechanism. The automotive industry limits the composition of additive products, and as such catalyst recovery strategies, and/or supported catalysts may be vital for commercial potential. The viability of successful catalyst systems will be assessed by financial, green and lifecycle metrics with the help of the project's industrial sponsor. Mechanistic, kinetic and catalyst stability studies will be carried out on promising candidates in the later stages of the project, followed by scaled-up synthesis of the final additives for real-system performance testing. Contingency plans have also been outlined, if the primary catalyst screens do not yield a suitable system. The project will be carried out with regular input and consultation with the industrial sponsorship team.