No Own Goal: reducing biofouling using surface engineering

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Keyword:BiofilmsBacteria can attach to surfaces and form massive aggregates called biofilms. Such collections can build up on natural surfaces within the body, or on urinary catheters or other implanted devices, and lead to hard-to-treat infections. There is an urgent need for materials that resist attachment as over 80% of people receiving a catheter develop a urinary tract infection that requires antibiotic treatment. These infections cost the NHS between £1.0-2.5 billion and accounts for around 2100 deaths per year (Feneley et al., 2015). Moreover, the bacteria associated with such infections are developing widespread resistance, so the problem is predicted to get worse.In this multidisciplinary project, we combine knowledge of how to manipulate the topography of a material at the nanoscale with the detailed understanding of how bacteria attach to a given surface. We will use a clinically-relevant E. coli strain associated with catheter infections as a model organism. We will correlate how changes in the surface texture can affect gene expression and attachment of bacteria using a combination of microscopy (live cell imaging) and transcriptomics in conjunction with mutations in adhesion and secretory pathways. This will assist us in building a map of how we potentially can benefit from synergistic effects of surface patterning and existing antibiotic therapies.The EPSRC strives to foster and support innovation and leadership within the scientific field and we believe this project aligns impeccably with these objectives. The study of bacterial gene expression in response to engineered surfaces is a new and underexplored field with huge potential benefits and a vast array of possible practical application. From medical implants and sterility control of laboratory surfaces to improved assays and culturing techniques, improved understanding of this area would positively impact patient care and organism control in the UK and abroad. The EPSRC aims to promote a balanced and collaborative approach to solving modern scientific issues and our approach matches this goal, combining two distinct but highly complementary scientific disciplines to creatively solve a highly relevant biomedical problem.The EPSRC also aims to nurture the next generation of researchers and innovators. This project will also the student to gain invaluable multidisciplinary training and experience. Their work in a microbiology based laboratory they will gain skills in genetic engineering, transcriptomics, high-throughput assay development and bioinformatic analysis. Their work as part of a nanoengineering team will grant them experience and training in nanofabrication, microfluidics and computer based modelling. These different environments will give them the opportunity to gain a unique and highly valuable skillset that will not only allow them to complete this project but will prepare them for the next steps in their research career.