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USING RISK THEORIES TO UNDERSTAND THE DISPLACEMENT OF POLITICAL AND MILITARY RISK IN LETHAL DRONE USE BY THE US AND UK

利用风险理论了解美国和英国使用致命无人机所带来的政治和军事风险

基本信息

批准号：
1956375
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Portsmouth
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1956375
关键词：
USING RISK THEORIES UNDERSTAND DISPLACEMENT

项目摘要

Specific research questions1. To what extent do governments deploy armed drones as a means of reducing political risk?2. How is risk distributed across the strategic, operational and tactical levels of military interventions?3. How are civilians affected by displaced risk from drone use? Background and rationale for the studyWeaponised drones have introduced new capabilities and new understandings of war and military intervention to the international security domain since their advent in the early twenty-first century. Applications extend from the CIA's unconventional use of Predator and Reaper drones in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia to the UK's deployment of Reaper drones in conventional military roles in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria. Furthermore, drones have had an impact across multiple conceptual domains and academic landscapes: culture, identity, political violence, ethics, geopolitics and more (Stanford and NYU, 2012; Galliott, 2012; Sauer and Schörnig, 2012; Baggiarini, 2015; Williams, 2015). Drones are now explicitly used to 'minimise the risk to the forces we commit to battle' (Ministry of Defence, 2013: 2-8). This project seeks to research the ethical and social dimensions of the deployment of lethal drones as risk mitigation. Specifically, the extent to which use of drones mitigate risk in the political and military domains of the user, while increasing the degree of risk experienced by civilians in areas where drone strikes occur. Discourse analysis of open source government, UN and NGO policy statements, key speeches, and parliamentary debates will be used in the application and assessment of theories of risk across two case studies: CIA unconventional drone use and RAF conventional drone use. Findings from this research will help to provide a broader understanding of the ethical and social consequences of lethal drone use from a risk perspective. This, in turn, will enable more comprehensive and nuanced risk calculations in future policy decisions regarding the deployment of weaponised drones.

具体研究问题1。各国政府在多大程度上部署武装无人机作为降低政治风险的手段？2.风险是如何在战略、行动和战术层面上进行军事干预的？3.使用无人机造成的流离失所风险对平民有何影响？研究背景和基本原理自21世纪初问世以来，无人驾驶飞机为国际安全领域引入了战争和军事干预的新能力和新理解。应用范围从美国中央情报局在巴基斯坦、也门和索马里非常规使用捕食者和收割者无人机，到英国在阿富汗、伊拉克和叙利亚部署收割者无人机执行常规军事任务。此外，无人机还影响了多个概念领域和学术领域：文化、身份、政治暴力、伦理、地缘政治等(斯坦福大学和纽约大学，2012年；加利奥特，2012年；鲍尔和舍尔尼，2012年；巴格亚里尼，2015年；威廉姆斯，2015年)。无人机现在被明确地用来“将我们投入战斗的部队的风险降到最低”(国防部，2013：2-8)。该项目旨在研究部署致命无人机作为风险缓解的伦理和社会层面。具体地说，无人机的使用在多大程度上减轻了用户在政治和军事领域的风险，同时增加了发生无人机袭击地区的平民所经历的风险程度。对开源政府、联合国和非政府组织政策声明、关键演讲和议会辩论的话语分析将用于在两个案例研究中应用和评估风险理论：中央情报局非常规无人机使用和英国皇家空军常规无人机使用。这项研究的发现将有助于从风险的角度更广泛地理解使用致命无人机的伦理和社会后果。这反过来又将使未来在部署武器化无人机的政策决策中进行更全面和细微的风险计算。