Training citizens to reduce burglary risk using Virtual Reality (VR)

培训公民使用虚拟现实 (VR) 降低入室盗窃风险

• 批准号: 1956406
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1956406
• 关键词: Training; citizens; reduce; burglary; risk

Specific Research Questions: - To what extent do cognitive schemas and behavioural scripts differ between experienced burglars and householders in relation to understanding environmental risk for burglary? - How effective are virtual reality methods for increasing understanding of burglary risk and changing behaviour in householders to reduce risk in the environment?Background and rationale for the studyWhile terrorism is high on the agenda, more typically, residential burglary is the crime that the general public fear most, perceiving it as the crime they will most likely become victim of (Ceccato, 2015). Burglary is a common and costly crime (Crime Survey for England and Wales, 2016) and psychological distress is high in victims in the weeks after with a quarter suffering prolonged negative effects on mental health (Kunst, Rutten & Knijf, 2013). We know that receiving crime prevention advice reduces distress in victims (Kobayashi & Saito, 1995) but our recent work with a national insurance company has sharply illuminated the significant lack of knowledge in the general public about burglary risk and preventing burglary before it happens. Burglars develop automatic cognitive schemas allowing them to instantaneously assess risk and these appear to be absent in householders (Nee & Meenaghan, 2006). Educating the public with key knowledge we have learnt directly from perpetrators of the crime has the potential to considerably reduce opportunities for burglary, reduce fear of crime, and enhance community safety and security. Recent methodological innovations have allowed us for the first time to observe burglary in action through the use of virtual neighbourhoods (Nee et al, 2015; Van Gelder et al, 2016). This work has elucidated new and more accurate evidence on precisely how burglars scope a neighbourhood, choose/enter properties, navigate once inside, and select items to steal (Nee et al, under review). This 'dysfunctional expertise' (Nee & Ward, 2015) is in direct contrast to non-offenders, and using the virtual neighbourhood, the proposed project aims to qualitatively and quantitatively assess householders' understanding of burglary risk regarding scoping, target choice, item choice and routes taken inside and outside the property. Using the VR method, a variety of techniques for raising awareness and reducing risk including coaching and video training will be evaluated. Fear of crime will be measured qualitatively, quantitatively and physiologically. Findings will make an innovative contribution to theory regarding cognitive and behavioural aspects of expertise, improve crime prevention policy and augment insurance company strategy to reduce risk.

具体的研究问题：-在理解入室盗窃的环境风险方面，有经验的窃贼和住户之间的认知图式和行为脚本有多大程度的不同？-虚拟现实方法在增加对入室盗窃风险的理解和改变住户行为以降低环境风险方面有多有效？研究的背景和理由虽然恐怖主义是议程上的重要议题，但更典型的是，普通公众最害怕的犯罪是住宅入室盗窃，他们认为这是他们最有可能成为犯罪受害者的犯罪(Ceccato，2015)。入室盗窃是一种常见且代价高昂的犯罪(英格兰和威尔士犯罪调查，2016)，在盗窃后的几周内，受害者的心理痛苦程度很高，四分之一的人长期遭受心理健康的负面影响(昆斯特，拉滕和克尼夫，2013年)。我们知道，接受犯罪预防建议可以减少受害者的痛苦(Kobayashi&Saito，1995)，但我们最近与一家国家保险公司的合作清楚地表明，公众对入室盗窃风险和防盗知识的严重缺乏。窃贼发展出自动认知图式，使他们能够即时评估风险，而户主似乎没有这种认知图式(Nee&Meenaghan，2006)。用我们直接从犯罪者那里学到的关键知识教育公众，有可能大大减少入室盗窃的机会，减少对犯罪的恐惧，并加强社区安全和保安。最近的方法创新首次使我们能够通过使用虚拟社区来观察入室盗窃行为(Nee等人，2015年；Van Gelder等人，2016年)。这项工作阐明了新的、更准确的证据，说明了窃贼如何准确地确定社区范围、选择/进入财产、一次进入内部导航，以及选择要偷窃的物品(Nee等人，正在审查中)。这一“功能失调的专业知识”(Nee&Ward，2015)与非犯罪者形成了直接的对比，通过使用虚拟社区，拟议的项目旨在定性和定量地评估住户对入室盗窃风险的理解，包括范围、目标选择、物品选择以及在物业内外的路线。使用VR方法，将评估各种提高认识和降低风险的技术，包括教练和视频培训。对犯罪的恐惧将从定性、定量和生理上进行衡量。这些发现将对有关专业知识的认知和行为方面的理论做出创新贡献，改进犯罪预防政策，并增强保险公司降低风险的战略。