OPTICALLY INDUCED ANISOMETROPIA

光学诱发的屈光参差

• 批准号: 6518307
• 负责人: EARL L SMITH
• 金额: $ 33.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-02-01 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6518307
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; amblyopia; anisometropia; astigmatism; behavioral /social science research tag; binocular vision; developmental neurobiology; disease /disorder etiology; disease /disorder model; electrophysiology; eye accommodation; eye coordination disorder; eye refraction disorder; infant animal; interocular transfer; psychophysics; ultrasonography; vision aid; vision tests; visual deprivation; visual feedback; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (from the investigator's abstract): Soon after birth, most infants develop near emmetropic refractive errors which are then maintained in both eye throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors (currently about 30 percent of young adults have significant refractive errors). In addition to the high costs for traditional optical corrections, refractive errors can lead to permanent sensory disorders and ocular abnormalities causing blindness. The long-term objectives for the proposed research are to provide a better understanding of the etiologies of human refractive errors and to gain insight into refractive errors as risk factors for the development of sensory disorders like amblyopia and anomalous binocular vision. A primary goal is to determine how early visual experiences, and in particular optical defocus, influences ocular refractive error development. Spectacle lens-rearing regimens will be used to effectively alter the refractive status of infant rhesus monkeys. Optical and ultrasonographic techniques will be used to quantify the effects of these lens-rearing strategies on the development of the eyes axial and refractive components. In addition to determining which ocular components can be influenced by visual experience, the proposed investigation are designed to determine (1) whether the emmetropization process in higher primates is sensitive to and regulated by optical defocus, (2) the relationship between the phenomenon of form-deprivation myopia and the normal emmetropization process, and (3) whether the presence of astigmatism disrupts normal emmetropization. Parallel psychophysical investigations of spatial contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity will examine the relationship between early refractive errors and the development of amblyopia and/or anomalous binocular vision. The behavioral studies will also determine whether the presence of sensory disorders, themselves, can disrupt emmetropization and promote the subsequent development of abnormal refractive errors. The results of these studies are essential for the development of new treatment and management strategies for refractive errors. Moreover, these investigation will help determine the extent to which refractive errors need to be corrected in young infants in order to avoid the development of sensory disorders.

描述（来自研究者的摘要）：出生后不久，大多数婴儿会出现近屈光不正，然后在整个童年和成年早期都保持双眼屈光不正。然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因，越来越多的人出现了异常屈光不正（目前大约30%的年轻人有明显的屈光不正）。除了传统的光学矫正费用高昂之外，屈光不正还会导致永久性的感觉障碍和眼部异常，从而导致失明。这项研究的长期目标是更好地了解人类屈光不正的病因，并深入了解屈光不正是弱视和双眼视力异常等感觉障碍发展的危险因素。一个主要的目标是确定早期的视觉经验，特别是光学离焦，如何影响眼部屈光不正的发展。眼镜饲养方案将用于有效改变婴儿恒河猴屈光状态。光学和超声技术将用于量化这些透镜饲养策略对眼睛轴向和屈光成分发育的影响。除了确定哪些眼部成分会受到视觉经验的影响外，本研究还旨在确定(1)高等灵长类动物的远视过程是否对光学离焦敏感并受其调节，(2)形剥夺性近视现象与正常远视过程之间的关系，以及(3)散光的存在是否会干扰正常远视。空间对比敏感度和立体敏锐度的平行心理物理研究将探讨早期屈光不正与弱视和/或双眼视力异常发展之间的关系。行为研究还将确定是否存在感觉障碍，本身，可以破坏正视化和促进后续发展异常屈光不正。这些研究结果对发展新的屈光不正治疗和管理策略至关重要。此外，这些调查将有助于确定在何种程度上屈光不正需要纠正在年幼的婴儿，以避免发展的感觉障碍。