Visual Control of Mobility in Low Vision

低视力患者移动性的视觉控制

• 批准号: 6518432
• 负责人: KATHLEEN A TURANO
• 金额: $ 31.33万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-12-01 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6518432
• 关键词: auditory tracking; behavioral /social science research tag; chordate locomotion; clinical research; cognition; cues; eye movements; gait; glaucoma; head movements; human subject; information seeking behavior; macular degeneration; motion perception; neural information processing; orientation; performance; sound perception; space perception; vision disorders; vision tests; visual fields; visual perception; visual tracking

People with advanced vision impairment find walking in unfamiliar environments extremely difficult and, for this reason, often limit their independent travel 1, 2. This in turn increases their risk for loss of independence, depression, and an overall decline in health.3 Even people with moderate vision impairment have more bumps and stumbles and have a higher risk of falling than do persons with normal vision.2 While the effects of vision impairment on mobility performance have been identified, little is known about how vision impairments affect the mechanisms for the visual control of mobility. The objective of this research is to understand how vision impairment affects the ways in which information is explored and the source(s) of environmental information that is used to guide mobility. With this knowledge, more effective training protocols can be developed and smart mobility devices designed. The proposed research aims to determine how vision impairment affects visual exploration by analyzing travel time, gaze patterns and path trajectories of vision-impaired subjects as they walk to specified targets. In addition, a visual search paradigm4 will be employed to determine the role of low-level sensory factors on search time. The proposed research also aims to identify the cognitive factors that differentiate skilled from unskilled travelers with similar degrees of vision impairment. Two experiments will determine whether skilled travelers quickly learn contextual cues and/or direct their attention more to task- relevant information. Finally, the proposed research aims to determine the sources of visual information that travelers use to guide mobility and to determine if auditory information augments visual information to guide mobility for visually impaired travelers. Gaze patterns and path trajectories will be measured as subjects walk through routes where environmental information is manipulated (e.g. visual motion cue to distance). Several of the proposed experiments require a virtual environment (VE) to systematically control and/or manipulate environmental factors. Preliminary data demonstrate that VE is likely to be valid in studying exploratory behavior.

严重视力障碍的人发现在陌生环境中行走极其困难，因此经常限制他们的独立旅行1，2。这反过来又增加了他们失去独立性、抑郁和整体健康下降的风险。3即使是中度视力障碍的人也比视力正常的人有更多的颠簸和绊倒，以及更高的跌倒风险。2虽然视力障碍对行动能力的影响已经确定，但关于视力障碍如何影响行动的视觉控制机制，人们知之甚少。这项研究的目的是了解视力障碍如何影响信息探索的方式以及用于指导行动的环境信息的来源(S)。有了这些知识，就可以开发更有效的训练方案，并设计智能移动设备。这项拟议的研究旨在通过分析视力受损受试者步行到指定目标时的旅行时间、凝视模式和路径轨迹，确定视力受损对视觉探索的影响。此外，还将采用视觉搜索模式4来确定低水平感觉因素对搜索时间的作用。这项拟议的研究还旨在确定区分视力障碍程度相似的熟练旅行者和非熟练旅行者的认知因素。两个实验将确定熟练的旅行者是否会快速学习上下文线索和/或将他们的注意力更多地引导到与任务相关的信息上。最后，这项拟议的研究旨在确定旅行者用来指导行动的视觉信息来源，并确定听觉信息是否增强了视觉信息，以指导视障旅行者的行动。当受试者走过环境信息被操纵的路线(例如，视觉运动提示距离)时，将测量凝视模式和路径轨迹。一些拟议的实验需要虚拟环境(VE)来系统地控制和/或操纵环境因素。初步数据表明，VE在探索行为研究中可能是有效的。