Modeling Perception and Memory : Studies in Priming

感知和记忆建模:启动研究

• 批准号: 6529305
• 负责人: RICHARD M SHIFFRIN
• 金额: $ 18.5万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-20 至 2004-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6529305
• 关键词: association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; experience; human subject; memory; mental process; model design /development; neural information processing; perception; psychological models; psychological tests; psychometrics; semantics; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The relation of perception to memory is a fundamental characteristic of human cognition, each affecting and determining the other. This relation is explored empirically with a task known as short-term priming: Words (termed 'primes') are presented just prior to a trial, but are irrelevant to the main task. Then a target word is presented briefly and masked, and followed by two choice words, one of which had been the target. Performance is strongly affected when one or more primes are related to one or more of the choice words. Our research has been able to separate these priming effects into those due to 'preference' and those due to 'perception': Preference effects are indicated by the fact that the direction of performance change is determined by the way the primes are processed. The findings have recently been fit by a quantitative model called ROUSE that assumes: 1) Features of the primes are sometimes confused with those from the target flash. 2) The decision system matches the detected features to the choice word features. 3) The evidence from matching and mismatching features is discounted almost optimally when a choice word feature had also been in a prime word. This model fits many studies remarkably well, and suggests the priming task is a good model system for further investigations of the relation of memory to perception. The present project explores many aspects of this relation, including decision strategies and their determining factors, the nature of source confusion for features, the ways in which priming improves perception, the relation of accuracy to response time, and the relation to other attention and perception tasks. The data will serve as a base for further development of the ROUSE model for priming, and eventually a more complete model of perception,

描述（由申请人提供）：感知与记忆的关系是一种 人类认知的基本特征，每一个都影响和决定 另一这种关系是经验性的探索与任务称为 短期启动：单词（称为“启动”）在一个 审判，但与主要任务无关。然后给出一个目标词 他的声音很轻，其中一个字很轻，很轻。 目标当一个或多个素数与 一个或多个选择词。我们的研究已经能够将这些 启动效应分为“偏好”启动效应和“感知”启动效应： 偏好效应表现为， 变化取决于素数的处理方式。这些发现 最近被一个叫做ROUSE的定量模型拟合，该模型假设：1） 素数的特征有时会与目标闪光的特征混淆。 2)决策系统将检测到的特征与选择词进行匹配 功能. 3)来自匹配和不匹配要素的证据被打折扣 当选择词特征也在基本词中时，几乎是最佳的。这 模型非常适合许多研究，并表明启动任务是一个 为进一步研究记忆与 perception.本项目探讨了这种关系的许多方面， 包括决策策略及其决定因素， 特征的来源混淆，启动改善感知的方式， 准确性与反应时间的关系，以及与其他注意力的关系 和感知任务。这些数据将作为进一步发展的基础， ROUSE模型的启动，并最终一个更完整的模型， 感知，