Modeling Perception and Memory: Studies in Priming

描述（由申请人提供）：感知和记忆的关系是人类认知的基本特征，两者相互影响和决定。这种关系是通过一个被称为启动的任务来探索的：启动是视觉上呈现的单词或物体，或听觉上呈现的单词。在许多情况下，启动词与主要任务无关，但却能促进反应。在短期启动中，启动在试验之前出现，而在长期启动中，启动在几分钟前出现，通常是在另一个任务中。主要任务可以是单词命名，确定刺激是否是单词，或者将测试项目与试验后呈现的一个或多个选择相匹配。启动词影响表现的方式提供了大量关于知觉和记忆相互作用的信息，以及关于我们的知识形成和修改的方式。知觉、记忆和决策的模型已经并且正在开发和测试短期启动（ROUSE）和长期启动（REMI）。正在探索的具体问题是空间和时间的混淆，以及系统为防止这些混淆的有害影响而对特征的证据进行折扣的方式。目前的项目涉及对这些主题的各种实证研究，加上理论发展，以解释结果并预测新的发现。本项目特别强调对感知处理阶段的分析和测试，预测准确性和反应时间的模型的经验和理论发展，作为决策原则的感知推理，新信息添加到我们知识中的方式，以及情景记忆和永久知识存储之间的联系。这些发展的目的是为了建立一个相对完整的感知、记忆和决策理论。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The relation of perception to memory is a fundamental characteristic of human cognition, each affecting and determining the other. This relation is explored empirically with a task known as priming: The primes are visually presented words or objects, or aurally presented words. In many situations the primes are irrelevant to the main task, yet nonetheless facilitate responding. In short-term priming, the primes are presented just prior to a trial, and in long-term priming many minutes prior, often in another task. The main task can be word naming, deciding whether the stimulus is a word, or matching of a test item to one or more choices presented after the trial. The ways in which the primes affect performance provide a great deal of information about the interaction of perception and memory, and about the way our knowledge is formed and modified. Models of perception, memory, and decision, have been and are being developed and tested for short-term priming (ROUSE) and long-term priming (REMI). Particular issues being explored are spatial and temporal confusions and the way the system discounts evidence for features to prevent the harmful effects of these confusions. The present project involves empirical research on a variety of these topics, coupled with theory development, to explain the results and to predict new findings. Particular emphasis in the present project is given to analysis and test of stages of perceptual processing, empirical and theoretical development of models that predict both accuracy and response time together, perceptual inference as a decision making principle, the ways that new information is added to our knowledge, and the links between episodic memory and the permanent knowledge store. The developments are aimed to contribute toward a relatively complete theory of perception, memory, and decision.