Modeling Perception and Memory: Studies in Priming

感知和记忆建模：启动研究

• 批准号: 6931092
• 负责人: RICHARD M SHIFFRIN
• 金额: $ 24.85万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-20 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6931092
• 关键词: association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; experience; human subject; memory; mental process; model design /development; neural information processing; perception; psychological models; psychological tests; psychometrics; semantics; stimulus /response; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The relation of perception to memory is a fundamental characteristic of human cognition, each affecting and determining the other. This relation is explored empirically with a task known as priming: The primes are visually presented words or objects, or aurally presented words. In many situations the primes are irrelevant to the main task, yet nonetheless facilitate responding. In short-term priming, the primes are presented just prior to a trial, and in long-term priming many minutes prior, often in another task. The main task can be word naming, deciding whether the stimulus is a word, or matching of a test item to one or more choices presented after the trial. The ways in which the primes affect performance provide a great deal of information about the interaction of perception and memory, and about the way our knowledge is formed and modified. Models of perception, memory, and decision, have been and are being developed and tested for short-term priming (ROUSE) and long-term priming (REMI). Particular issues being explored are spatial and temporal confusions and the way the system discounts evidence for features to prevent the harmful effects of these confusions. The present project involves empirical research on a variety of these topics, coupled with theory development, to explain the results and to predict new findings. Particular emphasis in the present project is given to analysis and test of stages of perceptual processing, empirical and theoretical development of models that predict both accuracy and response time together, perceptual inference as a decision making principle, the ways that new information is added to our knowledge, and the links between episodic memory and the permanent knowledge store. The developments are aimed to contribute toward a relatively complete theory of perception, memory, and decision.

描述（由申请人提供）：感知与记忆的关系是人类认知的基本特征，每一个都影响和决定另一个。这种关系是通过一个被称为启动的任务来实证探索的：启动是视觉呈现的单词或物体，或者听觉呈现的单词。在许多情况下，启动与主要任务无关，但仍然有助于响应。在短期启动中，启动是在试验之前出现的，而在长期启动中，启动通常是在另一项任务中出现的。主要任务可以是单词命名，决定刺激是否是一个单词，或者将测试项目与试验后呈现的一个或多个选择相匹配。启动子影响表现的方式提供了大量关于感知和记忆相互作用的信息，以及关于我们的知识形成和修改的方式。感知、记忆和决策的模型已经并正在开发和测试短期启动（ROUSE）和长期启动（REMI）。正在探讨的具体问题是空间和时间的混乱，以及系统如何对特征的证据进行折扣，以防止这些混乱的有害影响。本项目涉及对各种这些主题的实证研究，加上理论发展，解释结果和预测新的发现。在本项目中，特别强调的是分析和测试的感知处理阶段，经验和理论发展的模型，预测的准确性和反应时间在一起，感知推理作为决策原则，新的信息被添加到我们的知识的方式，以及情节记忆和永久的知识存储之间的联系。这些发展的目的是为形成一个相对完整的知觉、记忆和决策理论做出贡献。