Modeling Perception and Memory : Studies in Priming

感知和记忆建模:启动研究

• 批准号: 6652135
• 负责人: RICHARD M SHIFFRIN
• 金额: $ 15.41万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-20 至 2004-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6652135
• 关键词: association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; experience; human subject; memory; mental process; model design /development; neural information processing; perception; psychological models; psychological tests; psychometrics; semantics; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The relation of perception to memory is a fundamental characteristic of human cognition, each affecting and determining the other. This relation is explored empirically with a task known as short-term priming: Words (termed 'primes') are presented just prior to a trial, but are irrelevant to the main task. Then a target word is presented briefly and masked, and followed by two choice words, one of which had been the target. Performance is strongly affected when one or more primes are related to one or more of the choice words. Our research has been able to separate these priming effects into those due to 'preference' and those due to 'perception': Preference effects are indicated by the fact that the direction of performance change is determined by the way the primes are processed. The findings have recently been fit by a quantitative model called ROUSE that assumes: 1) Features of the primes are sometimes confused with those from the target flash. 2) The decision system matches the detected features to the choice word features. 3) The evidence from matching and mismatching features is discounted almost optimally when a choice word feature had also been in a prime word. This model fits many studies remarkably well, and suggests the priming task is a good model system for further investigations of the relation of memory to perception. The present project explores many aspects of this relation, including decision strategies and their determining factors, the nature of source confusion for features, the ways in which priming improves perception, the relation of accuracy to response time, and the relation to other attention and perception tasks. The data will serve as a base for further development of the ROUSE model for priming, and eventually a more complete model of perception,

描述(申请人提供)：知觉与记忆的关系是一种 人类认知的基本特征，每个特征都影响和决定着 另一个。这种关系是通过一项称为 短期启动：单词(称为‘素数’)出现在 审判，但与主要任务无关。然后呈现目标单词 简短地和蒙面的，后面跟着两个选择的词，其中一个是 目标。当一个或多个素数与 一个或多个选择词。我们的研究已经能够将这些 对“偏好”和“感知”产生的启动效应： 偏好效应是由以下事实来表示的：绩效的方向 变化由素数的处理方式决定。研究结果表明 最近被一个名为Rouse的定量模型拟合，该模型假设：1) 素数的特征有时会与目标闪光的特征混淆。 2)决策系统将检测到的特征与选择词匹配 功能。3)对匹配和不匹配特征的证据进行打折处理 几乎最好的情况是，选择词的特征也出现在主词中。这 模型非常好地符合许多研究，并表明启动任务是一个 为进一步研究记忆与记忆的关系提供了良好的模型系统 感知力。本项目探讨了这种关系的许多方面， 包括决策策略及其决定因素，其性质 特征的来源混淆，启动改善感知的方式， 准确度与反应时间的关系，以及与其他注意的关系 和感知任务。这些数据将作为进一步开发的基础 启动的Rouse模型，最终是一个更完整的模型 感知，