Situating Everyday First Aid: Social Practices and Settings of Incidents and Help

这个项目调查急救的社会组织。它侧重于急救“事件”发生的社会和机构环境，以及这些环境如何影响随后的各种“反应”。其目的是通过将急救事件定位为嵌入社会实践的空间和时间顺序而不是随机事件，从而更好地理解事故、风险和危害。虽然特定类型的急救事件发生在特定的社会环境中，并受其影响，但目前急救培训、教育和研究并没有考虑到地点的特殊性，也没有考虑到在特定环境中发生的事故的历史。拟议的项目开发了一种新的社会学方法来研究急救事件和反应，利用了实践的社会理论（例如，push et al., 2012）和新兴的公共卫生实证工作（Blue et al., 2016）的理论资源。提出的研究将为急救教育研究领域带来一个新的视角，这是一个行为范式占主导地位的领域（例如，参见Latane & Darley， 1968）。行为急救方法的局限性之一是，通过关注个人的身体、生物和心理“反应”，它排除了急救事件和反应发生的社会环境。相比之下，学生将第一次对急救事件和反应进行“对称”分析，以及两者如何与日常社会实践相结合。对急救“案例”的调查，反过来，将为社会情境和反应性现象（如“帮助”）的实践提供理论解释。

This project investigates the social organisation of first aid. It focuses on the social and institutional settings within which first aid 'incidents' occur and on how those settings influence the kinds of 'responses' that follow. The aim is to provide a better understanding of accidents, risks, and harms by positioning first aid incidents not as random events but as embedded in the spatial and temporal ordering of social practices.Whileparticular kinds of first aid incidents arise in and are shaped by specificsocial settings, firstaid trainingeducation and researcharenot currently informed by the specificity of place, or by the histories of accidents that occur in distinctcontexts. Theproposed project developsa novel sociological approach to the study of firstaid incidentsand responses, drawing on theoretical resources from social theories of practice (e.g. Shove et al., 2012)and emerging empirical work in public health (Blue et al., 2016).The proposed research will bring a fresh perspective to the field of first aid education research,a field in which behavioural paradigms dominate (see, for example, Latane & Darley, 1968). One of the limitations of a behavioural approach to first aid is that by focusing on the physical, biological, and psychological 'responses' of individuals, it brackets off the social settings in which first aid incidents and responses occur. By contrast, the studentship will develop, for the first time, a 'symmetrical' analysis of first aid incidents and responses, and of how both intersect with everyday social practices. Investigation of the 'case' of first aid will, in turn, inform practice theoretical accounts of socially situated and responsive phenomena like 'help'.