Integration of Wind Power Generation with Compressed Air Energy Storage 1=Energy 2=Wind Power

在英国，随着化石燃料发电厂的退役，2017-2018年冬季发电容量与峰值负荷需求之间的差距不到5%。因此，任何重大的不可预测的发电波动都可能导致电力短缺。与此同时，间歇性风力发电的渗透率在过去五年中迅速增加。因此，保持发电和负荷平衡变得非常具有挑战性，对电网的稳定性和可靠性产生了很大影响。相反，风力涡轮机的操作和维护成本，特别是海上的，可能很高。当与其它涡轮机子系统相比时，风力涡轮机齿轮箱具有相对高的故障率。齿轮箱故障的严重性（每台涡轮机每年发生0.154次重大故障，是所有子系统中最高的）、长维修时间（大修/更换估计为300小时）和高维修成本（大修或更换平均估计为230，000欧元）使问题更加复杂。齿轮箱磨损和故障的一个重要原因是在运行过程中经历的高扭矩峰值，这在风力涡轮机齿轮箱中是常见的，由于突然的阵风。开发可储存的二次能源载体来解耦波动的供应被广泛接受为所识别的挑战的可行解决方案。在各种储能技术中，该项目考虑压缩空气储能（CAES）。CAES具有清洁、安全、廉价、可持续、低维护、持久和大规模（大容量和功率）的优点。选择该技术有两个主要原因：-丰富的存储容量，最近有报道称，英国有至少6 TWh的压缩空气能量合适的地下存储容量，其中合适的存储地点靠近现有的风电场或计划的未来风电场。- 齿轮箱寿命，2017年之前由博士生研究的与风力涡轮机轴直接机械连接的混合风力涡轮机。初步分析表明，与CAES的直接连接可以产生吸收高扭矩峰值的机制，从而延长风力涡轮机齿轮箱的寿命。该项目旨在研究CAES在支持风力发电方面的潜力。研究将解决混合风力涡轮机的技术挑战，并进行技术经济分析。项目任务安排如下：1.研究利用CAES最大限度地提高风力发电的潜力; 2.分析英国风电与CAES整合的机会;3.研究风力涡轮机与CAES集成的混合连接系统结构，以及目前提高系统往返效率的技术差距;从单个零件设计、微观几何形状、材料和优化方面优化齿轮箱设计，以提高系统负载能力（例如从1 MW提高到8 MW）;5.通过风力涡轮机轴与CAES的混合机械连接来提高冲击负载能力，以延长齿轮箱寿命。

In the UK, with the retirement of fossil fuel power plants, the margin between power generation capacity and peak load demand was less than 5% for the winter of 2017-2018. Therefore any major unpredicted generation fluctuation may cause power shortfall. Simultaneously, the penetration of intermittent wind power has rapidly increased in the past five years. As a result it, has become extremely challenging to maintain generation and load balance, impacting greatly on grid stability and reliability. Conversely, operational and maintenance costs of wind turbines, especially offshore, can be high. Wind turbine gearboxes possess relatively high failure rates when compared to other turbine subsystems. This is compounded by the severity of gearbox failure (0.154/yr major failures per turbine - the highest of any subsystem), the long repair time (estimated at 300 hours for a major repair/replacement) and high repair cost (estimated at 230,000 Euros on average for a major repair or replacement). A significant cause of gearbox wear and failure is the high torque spikes experienced during operation, which are common in wind turbine gearboxes owing to sudden wind gusts.Development of storable secondary energy carriers for decoupling fluctuating supply is widely accepted as a feasible solution to the identified challenges. Among various energy storage technologies, this project considers Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). CAES has the advantages of being clean, safe, cheap, sustainable, low maintenance, long lasting and large scale (large capacity and power). There are two principle reasons to choose this technology:-Rich storage capacity, It is recently reported that the UK has a minimum of 6TWh suitable underground storage capacity for compressed air energy, where also, the suitable storage sites are close to the existing wind farms or planned future wind farms. -Gearbox lifetime, A hybrid wind turbine with a direct mechanical connection to a wind turbine shaft studied by a PhD student prior to 2017. Initial analysis indicated that a direct connection with CAES may produce a mechanism to absorb high torque spikes, prolonging wind turbine gearbox lifetime. The project aims to study the potential of CAES in supporting wind power generation. Research will address technical challenges in hybrid wind turbines and conduct techno-economic analysis. The project tasks are organised as follows:1. Investigate the potential for using CAES to maximise wind power generation; 2. Analyse the UK opportunities of integration of wind power with CAES;3. Conduct the research on hybrid connection system structure for wind turbine integration with CAES and the current technology gap for improving system round trip efficiency;4. Optimise the gearbox design for system loading capacity increase (e.g. from 1MW to 8MW) from individual part design, micro-geometry, materials, and optimisation;5. Improve shock load capacity via hybrid mechanical connection of wind turbine shaft to CAES for prolonging gearbox lifetime.