Advancing Offshore Wind Power Sitting through Multi-criteria Assessment Integration

1235671 (Kelly)。这项研究有两个主要任务。首先是通过创建一个新的多标准评估框架来推进海上风电选址方法，该框架集成了生命周期评估（LCA）、地理信息系统（GIS）、视角建模、水生生态学和经济学，以分析海上风电场选址的设计、政策和工程决策的后果。通过完成这项任务，海上风电选址评估可以将许多相互竞争的选址目标整合到一个有凝聚力的评估环境中，并将开发一种用于选址评估的一般方法。第二项任务是将这种多标准方法应用于五大湖地区，以探索海上风电场选址将如何影响电力部门、环境质量（通过减排和对水生生物的影响）和当地景观。这项任务的完成将为有关海上风力涡轮机的政策和技术的发展提供信息，并将为进行这些分析提供工具。研究工作将开发使用GIS、LCA和优化方法的多标准分析，以分析和可视化海上风力涡轮机选址的经济、环境和社会影响。该模型将整合来自众多来源的数据，其中大部分是地理上独特的（地形、水深、风力资源、人口、人口统计、食物网），但方法将适用于任何地点。经济、环境和社会影响的整合和优化是海上风电研究的独特贡献。它允许同时评估这些潜在的不同目标，并创建一种识别它们之间存在的权衡的方法。人类面临的一个全球公认的挑战是减少能源部门的温室气体排放。海上风能是一种巨大的资源，但海上风力涡轮机的规划和部署遇到了许多社会阻力。一种更彻底、更全面的风力站点分析方法可能会减少这种阻力，从而简化海上风力站点。这项研究将创造一种评估和支持海上风电场选址和开发的方法，更好地考虑经济、社会和环境影响。多标准评估框架将应用于密歇根州的一个选址项目，但该方法将适用于其他海上风电开发项目，并将加强对关键利益相关者（如当地社区、开发商、政府机构、投资者）与海上风电场相关的权衡的理解。将在澳大自然资源与环境学院的两个硕士课程中开发和测试一个关于海上风电选址综合评估的教学模块，然后通过澳大可持续系统中心网站进行完善和广泛传播。将制作一个专业开发的播客或视频短片，发布到社交媒体网站上，以产生从K到grey的广泛教育影响，并提供给大湖风合作组织进行传播。通过自主研究和课程模块整合，本项目的教育影响包括研究生和本科生。一名博士生将从事海上风电选址的高级GIS研究，包括电网和环境建模。该项目还将利用澳大本科生研究机会计划，吸引来自不同背景和文化的本科生。研究小组将利用研究结果更新并创建维基百科页面，主题包括？海上风力发电？,吗?风能发电？，以及其他相关主题。这项研究将由一个跨学科团队完成，该团队将利用几个不同且互补的社区的专业知识，包括机械工程和优化，LCA，环境经济学，水生生态学和地理信息系统。

1235671 (Kelly).This research has two major tasks. The first is to advance offshore wind siting methods by creating a new multi-criteria assessment framework that integrates life cycle assessment (LCA), geographic information systems (GIS), viewshed modeling, aquatic ecology, and economics to analyze the consequences of design, policy, and engineering decisions of offshore wind farm siting. By accomplishing this task, offshore wind siting assessment can integrate the many competing siting objectives within a cohesive evaluation environment, and a general methodology will be developed for site evaluation. The second task is to apply this multi-criteria methodology to the Great Lakes region to explore how offshore wind farm siting locations will impact the electric sector, environmental quality (through emissions reductions and aquatic life impacts), and local viewsheds. The completion of this task will inform the development of policy and technology with respect to offshore wind turbines, and will provide tools for conducting these analyses. The research effort will develop multi-criteria analyses that use GIS, LCA, and optimization methods to analyze and visualize the economic, environmental, and social impacts of siting offshore wind turbines. This model will incorporate data from numerous sources, much of which is geographically unique (topography, bathymetry, wind resource, population, demographics, food web), but the methods will be applicable to any location. The integration and optimization of the economic, environmental, and social impacts is a unique contribution to research in offshore wind. It allows the simultaneous evaluation of these potentially disparate objectives, and creates a means of identifying the tradeoffs that exist between them. One globally identified challenge facing humanity is the reduction of greenhouse gasses from the energy sector. Offshore wind represents a tremendous resource, but the planning and deployment of offshore wind turbines has been met with much social resistance. A more thorough and holistic approach to wind site analysis may reduce such resistance and thereby streamline offshore wind siting. This research will create a methodology for evaluating and supporting offshore wind farm siting and development that better accounts for economic, social, and environmental impacts. The multi-criteria assessment framework will be applied to a siting project in Michigan, but the methodology will be applicable to other offshore wind developments, and will enhance the understanding of tradeoffs associated with offshore wind farms to key stakeholders (e.g., local communities, developers, government agencies, investors). A teaching module on integrated assessment of offshore wind siting will be developed and tested in two Master's courses for the UM School of Natural Resources and Environment, and then refined for widespread dissemination through the UM Center for Sustainable Systems website. A professionally developed podcast or video short will be produced, posted to social media sites for broad educational impacts from K to grey, and provided to the Great Lakes Wind Collaborative for dissemination. The educational impact of this project includes both graduate and undergraduate students through independent research and course module integration. A PhD student will work on advanced GIS research for offshore wind siting which will include electricity grid and environmental modeling. This project will also leverage the UM Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program to engage undergraduates from numerous diverse backgrounds and cultures. The research team will use the research findings to update and create Wikipedia pages on topics such as ?offshore wind power?, ?electricity from wind?, and other relevant topics. This research will be accomplished by an interdisciplinary team that leverages expertise from several different and complementary communities including mechanical engineering and optimization, LCA, environmental economics, aquatic ecology and GIS.