Non-Sensory factors in children's speech perception

描述(申请人提供)：本项目的总体目标是调查儿童言语知觉中的非感官影响，特别是刺激重复在辨别任务中的影响。随着助听器和人工耳蜗疗效的评估，儿童对言语感知测试的需求急剧增加。目前的许多测试只评估单词识别，并不能将语音感知能力与词汇分开。改变/不改变程序(Sussman&Carney，1989)在改变试验(标准和比较不同)和无改变试验(标准和比较相同)中用标准刺激和比较刺激评估言语辨别力。反应偏差是对表现的一种非感官影响，通过评分命中和正确拒绝来评估。多眼神假说(Viemister&Wakefield，1991)预测，尽管没有提供新的感觉信息，但辨别成绩会随着标准刺激和比较刺激数量的增加而提高。与多眼神假说相关的问题仍然存在，包括：表现是否随着不同数量的刺激呈现而变化，以及哪些发展问题与程序相关。为了解决这些问题，将对听力正常的成年人和儿童使用改变/不改变程序，使用三对刺激以及不同数量的标准和比较刺激。我们假设，随着看刺激的总次数的增加，成绩将会提高，标准的数量将比比较的数量更重要，呈现的刺激的数量将比成人参与者更有益，我们将能够评估两个非感官因素--反应偏见和多次看刺激--对儿童言语知觉的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this project is to investigate non-sensory influences in child speech perception, specifically the impact of stimulus repetition in a discrimination task. The need for speech perception testing in children has increased dramatically with the evaluation of the efficacy of hearing aids and cochlear implants. Many current tests assess word recognition only and fail to separate speech perception ability from vocabulary. The Change/No-Change procedure (Sussman & Carney, 1989) assesses speech discrimination with standard and comparison stimuli during change trials (standard and comparison differ) and no-change trials (standard and comparison are the same). Response bias, a non-sensory influence on performance, is evaluated by scoring hits and correct rejections. The multiple looks hypothesis (Viemeister & Wakefield, 1991) predicts that discrimination performance increases with increases in the number of standard and comparison stimuli, despite the fact that no new sensory information is provided. Questions related to the multiple looks hypothesis remain, including: whether performance varies with different numbers of presentations of stimuli and what developmental issues are relevant to the procedure. To address these issues, the Change/No-Change procedure will be used with normal-hearing adults and children using three pairs of stimuli and various numbers of standard and comparison stimuli. We hypothesize that performance will improve with increased total number of "looks" at the stimuli, the number of standards will be more important than the number of comparisons, the number of presentations of stimuli will be more beneficial to child than adult participants, and that we will be able to assess the impact of two non-sensory factors, response bias and multiple looks at the stimuli, on child speech perception.