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Geoarchaeological Approaches to Pictish Settlement Sites: Assessing Heritage at Risk

皮克特定居点的地质考古方法：评估面临风险的遗产

基本信息

批准号：
2057996
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2057996
关键词：
Geoarchaeological Approaches Pictish Settlement Sites

项目摘要

This project will use an innovative suite of geoarchaeological techniques to evaluate the preservation of Pictish Period buildings and the potential that fragmentary buildings have to reconstruct daily life in early medieval Scotland if analysed using geoarchaeological methods. There is currently a tremendous gap in our understanding of daily life in early medieval Scotland due to the poor preservation of Pictish buildings and the occupation deposits within them (Hall and Price 2012). In lowland and coastal areas, Pictish buildings are generally truncated by deep ploughing (e.g. Rhynie, Clarkly Hill), coastal erosion (e.g. Dunnicaer), or urban development (e.g. Burghead), while those uncovered in upland areas seem to have no preserved floor deposits for reasons that are yet to be understood (e.g. Lair in Glenshee). Geoarchaeological techniques clarify site formation processes and are a powerful research tool for identifying floor deposits, distinguishing their composition, and linking this composition to daily activities, floor maintenance processes, and living conditions (Milek and Roberts 2013), but they have yet to be applied to Pictish Period dwellings. This project will be the first to employ a suite of geoarchaeological techniques already proven to be highly effective on Viking Age sites as well as ethnographic case studies in Scotland and Iceland (Fig. 1). The student engaged to undertake this research will analyse a set of around 250 sediment samples collected over the last three years from fragmentary Pictish buildings excavated at Rhynie (Noble 2014), Burghead, Clarkly Hill (Hunter 2012), Dunnicaer (Stalker 2015), and Lair (Glenshee Archaeology Project 2016). The samples will in the first instance be analysed using integrated soil micromorphology, X9ray fluorescence (XRF), magnetic susceptibility, loss9on9ignition, pH, and micro9refuse analysis to determine preservation conditions and site formation processes, and to evaluate the ideal combination of techniques for reconstructing aspects of daily life and living conditions in early medieval Scottish settlements. The results of this first analytical stage will determine which additional state9of9the9art techniques should be applied to the samples, such as faecal lipid biomarker analysis and variable pressure9scanning electron microscopy (VP9 SEM). In addition, the supervisory team will obtain Scheduled Monument Consent to re9open old excavation trenches at the Pictish site of Pitcarmick (Carver et al. 2012; 2013) in order to take micromorphology and bulk sediment samples from floor deposits, post9hole fills, and turf walls exposed in the sections. The analysis of these samples will provide new data crucial for our understanding of (a) the range of floor9formation processes affecting Pictish dwellings, (b) whether post9 hole fills can be used to understand the original floor composition and use of space in buildings truncated by ploughing, and (c) changes in the preservation of the buildings since they were re9buried 22 years ago. Outputs of the project will include geoarchaeological reports for the site excavators and HES, co9authored publications and conference presentations, and a geoarchaeological guidelines document for Historic Environment Scotland. As a whole, this innovative project will provide crucial new information about (a) the preservation of Pictish Period buildings in a range of environmental settings, (b) the research potential of fragmentary or damaged buildings to provide crucial information about daily life in the early medieval period if analysed using scientific methods, and (c) the major risks to the survival of this group of cultural heritage sites now and in the future. The project will fulfil several key aims of the Scottish Archaeology Strategy (Historic Environment Scotland 2015), especially enhancing our understanding of the early medieval period, improving our ability to care for and protect cultural heritage resources.

该项目将使用一套创新的地质考古技术来评估皮克特时期建筑的保存情况，以及如果使用地质考古方法进行分析，碎片建筑重建中世纪早期苏格兰日常生活的潜力。目前，由于皮克特建筑和其中的占领存款保存不善，我们对中世纪早期苏格兰日常生活的理解存在巨大差距（Hall和Price 2012）。在低地和沿海地区，皮克特人的建筑物通常因深耕（如Rhynie、Clarkly Hill）、海岸侵蚀（如Dunnicaer）或城市开发（如Burghead）而被截断，而那些在高地地区发现的建筑物似乎没有保存下来的地板沉积物，原因尚不清楚（如Glenshee的Lair）。地质考古技术澄清了遗址的形成过程，是一种强有力的研究工具，用于识别地面沉积物，区分其成分，并将这种成分与日常活动，地面维护过程和生活条件联系起来（Milek和Roberts 2013），但它们尚未应用于皮克特时期的住宅。该项目将是第一个采用一套地质考古技术的项目，这些技术已经被证明在苏格兰和冰岛的维京海盗时代遗址以及民族志案例研究中非常有效（图1）。从事这项研究的学生将分析过去三年从Rhynie（Noble 2014），Burghead，Clarkly Hill（Hunter 2012），Dunnicaer（Stalker 2015）和Lair（Glenshee Archaeology Project 2016）挖掘的碎片皮克特建筑中收集的一组约250个沉积物样本。首先将使用综合土壤微形态学、X射线荧光（XRF）、磁化率、烧失量、pH值和微垃圾分析对样品进行分析，以确定保存条件和遗址形成过程，并评估重建中世纪早期苏格兰定居点日常生活和生活条件的技术的理想组合。第一个分析阶段的结果将确定应将哪些额外的9最先进技术9应用于样本，如粪便脂质生物标志物分析和变压9扫描电子显微镜（VP 9 SEM）。此外，监督团队将获得预定纪念碑同意书，以重新打开皮卡密克皮克特遗址的旧挖掘沟渠（Carver等人，2012; 2013），以便从地面沉积物、钻孔后填充物和部分暴露的草皮墙中采集微形态和大量沉积物样本。对这些样本的分析将为我们理解以下问题提供重要的新数据：（a）影响皮克特人住宅的地面形成过程的范围;（B）后9孔填充物是否可用于理解被犁削的建筑物中的原始地面组成和空间使用;以及（c）自22年前重新掩埋以来建筑物保存情况的变化。该项目的产出将包括现场挖掘机和HES的地质考古报告，共同撰写的出版物和会议报告，以及苏格兰历史环境的地质考古指导文件。总的来说，这一创新项目将提供关于以下方面的重要新信息：（a）皮克特时期建筑在一系列环境背景下的保护，（B）碎片或受损建筑的研究潜力，如果使用科学方法进行分析，将提供有关中世纪早期日常生活的重要信息，及（c）这类文化遗址现时及将来的生存所面对的主要风险。该项目将实现苏格兰考古战略（苏格兰历史环境2015）的几个关键目标，特别是提高我们对中世纪早期的理解，提高我们照顾和保护文化遗产资源的能力。