Aotearoa New Zealand's Tsunami Warning System: Considerations for Enhancing Hazard Communication and Response

新西兰海啸预警系统：加强灾害沟通和响应的考虑因素

• 批准号: 2059429
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2059429
• 关键词: Aotearoa; New; Zealand; Tsunami; Warning

Aotearoa New Zealand's tsunami warning system differs to those of other at-risk countries' due to the separated structure of hazard monitoring, warning dissemination, and evacuation coordination. The divided responsibilities within this warning system provide a unique opportunity to investigate how warnings are decided upon, communicated, and how education schemes can be tailored to improve awareness and preparedness. This research aims to develop the understanding of tsunami warning system processes and dynamics to increase the effectiveness of these systems.Social research methods were used to collect 111 documents and archives, conduct 57 semi-structured interviews, and carry out 13 overt participant observations. The interviews were conducted with tsunami researchers, warning specialists, emergency managers, and preparedness experts in Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, the Pacific Islands, the UK, and the USA. The participant observations were carried out during institutional meetings, workshops, and activities across Aotearoa New Zealand.Three key findings were established from the qualitative data analysis. First, the division of responsibilities between the national, regional, and local agencies involved in monitoring, disseminating, and responding to official tsunami warnings can lead to errors and delays in issuing this information. Second, the integration of local knowledge into education campaigns and emergency drills, using citizen science programmes, can make the public more likely to self-evacuate after observing natural tsunami warning signs. Third, the use of both technological and non-technological methods for tsunami warning communication through a multi-channel approach can improve the effectiveness of warning systems, emphasising that these systems should not rely solely on technological methods.These findings indicate that Aotearoa New Zealand would benefit from creating a joint tsunami warning system structure to enhance decision-making and communication between agencies, further utilising citizen science programmes to strengthen local tsunami resilience levels, and using both technological and non-technological communication methods to overcome the increasing reliance on technology.

新西兰的海啸预警系统不同于其他高危国家的预警系统，因为它的危害监测、预警传播和疏散协调的结构是分开的。该预警系统内划分的责任提供了一个独特的机会，可以调查如何决定和传达警报，以及如何调整教育计划以提高认识和防备。本研究旨在增进对海啸预警系统过程和动态的了解，以提高预警系统的有效性。采用社会研究方法收集了111份文件和档案，进行了57次半结构化访谈，并进行了13次公开的参与者观察。访谈对象包括来自新西兰、澳大利亚、太平洋岛屿、英国和美国的海啸研究人员、预警专家、应急管理人员和备灾专家。与会者的意见是在新西兰奥特罗阿的机构会议、讲习班和活动期间进行的。从定性数据分析中确立了三个关键发现。首先，参与监测、传播和响应官方海啸警报的国家、地区和地方机构之间的责任分工可能导致发布这些信息的错误和延迟。第二，利用公民科学项目，将当地知识整合到教育活动和应急演习中，可以使公众在观察到自然海啸预警信号后更有可能自我撤离。第三，通过多渠道方法同时使用技术和非技术方法进行海啸预警通信可以提高预警系统的有效性，强调这些系统不应该仅仅依赖技术方法。这些发现表明，新西兰将受益于创建一个联合海啸预警系统结构，以加强各机构之间的决策和沟通，进一步利用公民科学项目来加强当地的海啸复原力水平，以及使用技术和非技术沟通方法来克服对技术的日益依赖。