high-energy radiation particles and their effects on the thermal and dynamical properties of galaxies and their environments

星系随时间演化，星系演化是一个复杂的过程序列，由内部恒星形成活动、气体流入和流出以及与环境的相互作用决定，环境包括邻近星系、星系周围介质和宿主场（例如在群体或星团中）。本项目研究了星系在演化的某一阶段的热力学和动力学性质如何响应各种因素，特别是恒星形成过程中产生的高能辐射和粒子的反馈。更具体地说，学生将建立一个星系与高能辐射和粒子之间相互作用的场景，以数学模式制定场景，并在模型中求解相应的方程（解析和数值），以获得定量结果，可用于与观测结果进行比较，并做出可测试的预测。学生还将探索如何在更大的图景中适应场景的结果，例如关于宇宙在星系和星系以上尺度上的结构形成。这是一个结合了数值元素的现象学和理论项目。

Galaxies evolve with time and galactic evolution is a complex sequence of processes determined by the interplay between star-formation activity within, the gas inflow and outflow and the interaction with the environments, which include the neighbouring galaxies, the circum-galactic medium and host field (e.g. in groups or in clusters). This project investigates how the thermal and dynamical properties galaxies at certain stage of the evolution respond to various factors, in particular, the feedback due to the high-energy radiation and particles produced in the star-forming processes. More specifically, the student will build a scenario of the interaction between galaxies and the high-energy radiation and particles, formulate the scenario in a mathematical mode and solve the corresponding equations (analytically and numerically) in the model to obtain quantitative results, that can be used for comparison with observations and for making testable predictions. The student will also explore the consequences in the context of how the scenario fits in the bigger picture, such as that regarding the structural formation in the Universe on the galactic and above galactic scales. It is a combined phenomenological and theoretical project with a numerical element.