The implications of natural genetic variation in flax for crop development.

亚麻自然遗传变异对作物发育的影响。

• 批准号: 2072216
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2072216
• 关键词: implications; natural; genetic; variation; flax

This project is allied to the agriculture and food security sector via genetic improvement of crops. The project will investigate cultivated flax L. usitatissimum, a globally important crop with many end-uses including an annual global production 2305 Ktonnes of linseed oil and 303 Ktonnes of linen fibre (data from 2013, http://faostat.fao.org/) and Linum bienne, the wild progenitor of cultivated flax. The UK is Europe's leading linseed producer generating 51 ktonnes in 2013. Therefore, this project will contribute to industrial strategy aims to improve UK living standards and economic growth by generating new knowledge and increasing productivity. The approach taken will be through science, research and innovation and developing specialist quantitative and computing skills.The specific challenge addressed will be improving flax yields through better understanding of the relationship between performance and genetic variation in this crop and its wild relatives. Previous research shows that flax experiences inbreeding depression that limits productivity because controlled crosses lead to a boost in yield in new hybrids. Wild flax harbours considerable natural genetic variation that flax lost during domestication. Therefore, the study of a new European wild flax collection will allow us to test a greater range of inbreeding and genomic responses to inbreeding than would be possible in the crop alone. We will apply controlled crossing studied to directly test the transferability of beneficial natural genetic variation in wild samples into cultivars for agricultural impact. Aims: This project will measure and compare samples of cultivated and wild flax that vary in their history of genetic inbreeding to test the impact of inbreeding on components of fitness. This fundamental aspect of evolution is thought to drive the maintenance of outcrossing breeding systems and the huge biodiversity of life. This project will contribute to BBSRC's research priority of sustainably enhancing agricultural production via genetic improvement of crops. The CASE partner, RBGE, is an internationally important organization responsible for the conservation and study of plant and fungal biodiversity. This project will feed into the core scientific activities of RBGE to generate baseline botanical data, to document and conserve plant biodiversity, and better understand evolutionary processes in plants.Methodology: Cultivated and wild flax samples have been collected from a wide transect from north to south Europe. Progenies of these samples will be grown in the glasshouse. Controlled pollination experiments will be performed to generate new seed representing self and outcross progeny. DNA will be sampled and Restriction Amplified DNA (RADseq) genotyping performed for 1000s of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analysis of the sequence data will provide genetically-based measures of outcrossing rate and inbreeding depression across the genome. Inbred and outcrossed controlled-cross individuals will then be grown together and performance and fitness traits (biomass, number of seeds) measured. Sample collection information will be combined with genetic and phenotypic data to be archived in the herbarium collection at RBGE according to internationally agreed standards for plant collections. Associated digital records at RBGE will also be developed to facilitate access and use of these data.Individual-level patterns of heterozygosity across the genome will be combined with performance data and tested for associations with fitness. Genetic association mapping will be performed to identify genomic regions that contain genetic variation contributing to expression of inbreeding depression and particular performance traits.

该项目通过作物遗传改良与农业和粮食安全部门结盟。本课题以栽培亚麻为研究对象。usitatissimum，一种全球重要的作物，具有许多最终用途，包括全球年产2305千吨亚麻籽油和303千吨亚麻纤维（来自2013年的数据，http：//faostat.fao.org/）和Linum bienne，栽培亚麻的野生祖先。英国是欧洲领先的亚麻籽生产国，2013年产量为5.1万吨。因此，该项目将有助于工业战略，旨在通过产生新知识和提高生产力来提高英国的生活水平和经济增长。所采取的方法将是通过科学、研究和创新，以及发展专业的定量和计算技能，解决的具体挑战将是通过更好地了解亚麻作物及其野生亲缘植物的性能和遗传变异之间的关系来提高亚麻产量。以前的研究表明，亚麻经历近亲繁殖衰退，限制了生产力，因为控制杂交导致新杂交种产量的提高。野生亚麻具有相当大的自然遗传变异，亚麻在驯化过程中失去了。因此，研究一个新的欧洲野生亚麻收集将使我们能够测试更大范围的近亲繁殖和基因组反应近亲繁殖比可能在作物单独。我们将应用控制杂交研究，直接测试野生样品中有益的自然遗传变异到栽培品种中的农业影响的可转移性。目的：该项目将测量和比较不同的遗传近亲繁殖历史的栽培和野生亚麻样品，以测试近亲繁殖对健康组成部分的影响。进化的这一基本方面被认为是维持异交繁殖系统和巨大的生物多样性的动力。该项目将有助于BBSRC通过作物遗传改良可持续提高农业生产的研究重点。CASE的合作伙伴RBGE是一个国际重要组织，负责植物和真菌生物多样性的保护和研究。该项目将纳入RBGE的核心科学活动，以生成基线植物学数据，记录和保护植物生物多样性，并更好地了解植物的进化过程。方法：从北欧到南欧的广泛样带收集了栽培和野生亚麻样品。这些样品的后代将在温室中生长。将进行受控授粉实验以产生代表自交和异交后代的新种子。将对DNA进行采样，并对1000个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行限制性扩增DNA（RADseq）基因分型。对序列数据的分析将提供跨基因组的异交率和近交衰退的基于遗传的测量。然后将近交和异交的控制杂交个体一起生长，并测量性能和适合性性状（生物量，种子数量）。样本采集信息将与遗传和表型数据相结合，根据国际商定的植物采集标准，在RBGE的植物标本馆中存档。RBGE还将开发相关的数字记录，以方便访问和使用这些数据。整个基因组的个体水平的杂合性模式将与性能数据相结合，并测试与健身的关联。将进行遗传关联作图，以确定包含有助于表达近交衰退和特定性能性状的遗传变异的基因组区域。