Who and What Counts as Local in the Central Eastern European Periphery: Spatial-Temporal Belonging, Local-ness in the Hungarian Countryside

这篇跨学科的论文将有助于理解文化身份，并从欧洲的认知边疆，中东欧（CEE）。它认为这一边界地区被西方的分类所困，这些分类倾向于将空间差异转化为时间差异，将非西方的做法和习俗理解为文化和发展落后的标志。当地方精英对中欧和东欧国家内的边缘化地区采用类似的思维时，这种情况进一步加剧。该项目以此为背景，审查在匈牙利东北部农村最贫穷的地区之一发展社区旅游业的尝试。这些倡议得到了非政府组织部门的支持，在匈牙利，非政府组织部门被主要来自首都的当地知识精英所垄断（Hann 1995年，Lomax 1997年，Ray 1996年）。在这种背景下，该项目着眼于如何定义“地方性”，以及谁控制着这些发展中的乡村感和地方感。要研究的具体企业着手使地方身份的地方版本的支持下，由博士合作伙伴非政府组织的合作创建。这是一个通过步行图尔斯之旅跨越罗姆族和匈牙利族身份分歧的版本。这些图尔斯之旅通过许多不同的物体、动物、农作物、设备和空间故事中的建筑物来调动地方，这些故事提供的不仅仅是风景的视觉消费。该项目使用口述历史访谈，文件，“走沿着”访谈和参与者观察，研究社区形成自己的版本的地方在旅游遭遇。

This interdisciplinary dissertation will contribute to understanding cultural identity in and from Europe's epistemic borderland, Central Eastern Europe (CEE). It sees this border zone as trapped by Western categories that tend to translate spatial differences into temporal ones, understanding non-Western practices and customs as signs of cultural and developmental backwardness. This is further exacerbated when local elites deploy similar thinking regarding marginalized areas within countries of the CEE. The project uses this as the context to examine attempts at community-based tourism development in one of the poorest regions in Hungary, in the rural North-East of the country. These initiatives are being supported by the NGO sector which, in Hungary, is monopolized by the local intellectual elite, mainly from the capital (Hann 1995, Lomax 1997, and Ray 1996). In this setting, the project looks at how 'local-ness' is defined and who controls senses of rurality and locality in these developments. The specific enterprise to be studied sets out to enable a collaborative creation of a local version of placeidentity that is supported by the PhD partner NGO. It is a version that straddles divisions of ethnic Roma and Hungarian identity through walking tours. These tours mobilise place through many different objects, animals, crops, equipment, and buildings in spatial stories that offer more than a visual consumption of scenery. The project uses oral history interviews, documents, 'go along' interviews and participant observation to study the community fashioning its own version of place in the tourism encounter.