Diversity in Human DNA Sequences

描述 古代人类人口的人口统计学研究是使用变异在 微卫星或短串联重复序列(STR)基因座 单核苷酸多态(SNP)。每个SNP血统都是随机的 大小的大小的增长或减少，并随人口而分成亚族 细分。谱系内STR差异反映了这些人口统计变化 它带有古代事件的签名，其时间可以被估计。这个 研究分为三个方面。第一个将重点放在 发散度和扩张时间基于方差、峰度等较高 微卫星座位重复得分的时刻。将研究动态模型 不假定微卫星变异的突变-漂移平衡，以及 将包括基因流动和各种类型的种群过程。第二 面积包括对微卫星突变参数的估计，例如 重复分数中突变变化的方差和其他统计时刻， 突变率的基因座间变异、突变偏向等，即 对于使用微卫星多态来估计历史事件很重要。 分析将基于突变的统计和动态模型 分布，并将使用微卫星研究中的现有数据 突变率和种群数据。第三个领域是父项目的扩展 项目将包括以前从西伯利亚(Burjats， 图维尼亚人、雅库特人、埃文克人、楚科奇人、爱斯基摩人)，以便进一步研究 来自东北亚的新大陆人。的应用程序 从前两个领域到现有和新获得的数据的估计者将 允许对进入北美的移民进行更准确的年代测定。它还将 增加斯坦福DNA数据库中有关全球人类的信息 人口。这项提议将进一步加强生产性科学研究 合作的美国和俄罗斯遗传学家之间的合作 已经存在了近十年，并产生了大约30个同行评议 出版物，同时也涉及来自美国的其他科学团体 美国、瑞典、丹麦和澳大利亚。

DESCRIPTION Demography of ancient human populations is studied using variation at microsatellite, or short tandem repeat (STR) loci in lineages marked with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Each SNP lineage is stochastically growing or declining in size and dividing into sublineages following population subdivision. Within-lineage STR variation reflects these demographic changes and carries signatures of the ancient events whose time can be estimated. The research falls into three areas. The first will focus on estimators of divergence and expansion time based on the variance, kurtosis and other higher moments of repeat scores at microsatellite loci. Dynamic models will be studied that do not assume mutation-drift equilibrium for microsatellite variation, and will include gene flow and various types of population processes. The second area includes estimation of microsatellite mutation parameters, such as the variance and other statistical moments of mutational changes in repeat score, between-locus variation in mutation rates, mutational bias, etc., that are important for estimating historical events using microsatellite polymorphisms. The analysis will be based on statistical and dynamic models of the mutation distribution and will use available data from studies on microsatellite mutation rate and population data. The third area extends the Parent Program Project to include previously collected samples from Siberia (Burjats, Tuvinians, Yakuts, Evenks, Chukchis, Eskimos) in order to study further the peopling of the New World from Northeast Asia. The application of the estimators from the first two areas to existing and newly obtained data will permit more precise dating of the migrations into North America. It will also augment information at the Stanford DNA database on human worldwide populations. The proposal will further strengthen the productive scientific cooperation between the collaborating U.S. and Russian geneticists that has existed for almost ten years and has produced about 30 peer-reviewed publications while also involving other scientific groups from the United States, Sweden, Denmark and Australia.