POPULATION GENETICS THEORY

提出了理论群体遗传学的四个研究领域。 第一个需要发展和数学分析的模型， 短序列重复和微卫星的种群动态。 将设计人口统计学和系统发育参数的估计量 适用于突变过程的真实模型 微型卫星。这些模型包括重复次数的界限 以及突变速率和类型的大小依赖性。 统计 将研究这些估计量的性质。 这些估计值是 通常用于推断群体之间的分歧时间和 集合种群中的一个亚群。 提出了一种统计检验方法， 检测突变过程或选择中的异质性 种群和微卫星位点。 将使用可能性方法 联合评估人口的增长率和人口增长的时间， 来自Y染色体微卫星数据集的最近共同祖先 多态性 第二个项目将开发新的基因组模型， 印记靶基因失活程度的修饰物将 被研究。 倍性在印记进化中的作用 维持部分失活和多态性的条件 将确定印记的程度。第三个领域涉及 数学模型的性状，部分是遗传的， 文化起源。 第一个问题是， 避免乱伦是由基因或文化决定的， 以兄妹交配为例 第二次尝试采取 一个群体的成员构成该群体的一部分， 选择性的环境，而不是被动地受其影响。这 一个新的理论，称为生态位建设，采取了一套影响， 基因座或性状作为影响其他基因选择的因素。 这些 影响可能会持续好几代。 我们计划研究 文化传播的行为，其影响，当前和历史， 可能影响特定基因型或一个或多个基因座的适合度。 第四个研究领域涉及减少数量的影响 线粒体在代际传递过程中的长期和 线粒体的短期遗传完整性。

Four areas of research in theoretical population genetics are proposed. The first entails development and mathematical analysis of models for the population dynamics of short sequence repeats, microsatellites. Estimators of demographic and phylogenetic parameters will be designed that are appropriate for realistic models of the mutational processes of microsatellites. These models include bounds on the number of repeats and size-dependence in the rate and type of mutation. Statistical properties of these estimators will be studied. These estimators are often used to infer times of divergence between groups and extent of subdivision in a metapopulation. A statistical test is proposed to detect heterogeneity in mutation processes or selection among populations and microsatellite loci. A likelihood method will be used to jointly assess the growth rate of a population and the time of the most recent common ancestor from datasets of Y-chromosome microsatellite polymorphisms. The second project will develop new models for genomic imprinting. Modifiers of the extent of inactivation of target genes will be studied. The role of ploidy in the evolution of imprinting and conditions for the maintenance of partial inactivation and polymorphism for the extent of imprinting will be determined. The third area concerns mathematical models of traits that are partly genetic and partly cultural in origin. The first of these addresses the extent to which the avoidance of incest is genetically or culturally determined and uses brother-sister mating as an example. The second attempts to take account of the fact that the members of a population form part of the selective environment, rather than being passively affected by it. This new theory, called niche construction, takes the effects of one set of loci or traits as agents that influence selection on other genes. These effects may last for many generations. We plan to study the effect of culturally transmitted behaviors whose effects, current and historical, may influence the fitness of specific genotypes or one or more loci. The fourth area of study concerns the effect of the reduction in number of mitochondria during intergenerational transmission on the long-and short-term genetic integrity of mitochondria.