ALCOHOLISM--EPIDEMIOLOGIC HIGH RISK FAMILY STUDY

该项目代表了酗酒流行病学研究的新范式：它在流行病学框架内进行了高风险遗传/家庭研究。与现有研究相比，优势在于：从具有代表性的样本中确定家庭；对酗酒高风险和低风险家庭进行系统选择；直接评估多名家庭成员，包括多达3名子女和父母；后代的纵向随访；少数民族家庭样本过多；并收集DNA，以便将来评估遗传风险/保护因素。这种设计允许测试与兄弟姐妹和同伴对青少年/年轻人酒精问题的影响有关的假设，而更传统的父母-一个孩子设计，甚至更专业的双胞胎家庭设计，可能以有限的方式进行测试。通过在密苏里州出生的青少年和年轻人的出生记录确定家庭（确保与项目1的可比性），生母进行电话筛选访谈，以确定潜在的高风险家庭。所有筛查呈阳性的家庭，以及筛查呈阴性的家庭的子样本将被邀请进入第二阶段，届时生母和生父（或最佳信息者）将接受电话诊断访谈和提问，以评估自己和共同父母的DSM-I酒精滥用或依赖史，以及先证者和最多2名年龄在13-25岁的兄弟姐妹的行为和情感问题史。来自母亲报告父亲有3种或3种以上酒精依赖症状（“高风险”，100 AA, 100 W）的家庭的先证者及其至多2名兄弟姐妹，以及来自父亲没有这种报告或筛查为阴性的家庭的先证者(“对照”：150名AA， 150名W)将被邀请在基线和2年后再次进行电话诊断访谈，在基线和2年后进行简短的电话诊断访谈，在其他年份进行简短的电话随访访谈以及年度问卷评估。数据将用于检验以下假设：(i)兄弟姐妹和同伴对酒精和其他物质介入和问题的影响，（ii）父母教养方式、父母酗酒和共发病与后代酗酒之间的关系，（iii）共发病、气质、创伤事件和这种慢性压力与后代酗酒之间的关系，以及（iv）种族对这些关系的改变。该项目的结果将为其他依赖于专业双族设计的项目的发现的普遍性提供重要的检查。

This project represents a new paradigm for epidemiologic research on alcoholism: it nests a high risk genetic/family study within an epidemiologic framework. Advantages over existing studies are: ascertainment of families from a representative sample; systemic selection of families at high and low risk of alcoholism; direct assessments of multiple family members, including up to 3 offspring and parents; longitudinal follow-up of the offspring; over-sample of minority families; and collection of DNA for future assessments of genetic risk/protective factors. This design permits testing of hypothesis relating to sibling and peer influences on adolescent/young adult alcohol problems, which more conventional parents-one child designs, and even more specialized twin-family designs, may tested in a limited way. Families are ascertained through birth records of adolescents and young adults born in Missouri (ensuring comparability with Project 1), and biological mothers administered a telephone screening interview to identify potentially high risk families. All families screening positive, and a subsample of those screening negative will be invited for the second stage, where biological mothers and fathers (or best informant) will be administered a telephone diagnostic interview and question to assess own and co-parent's history of DSM-I alcohol abuse or dependent, as well as history of behavioral and emotional problems of the proband and up to 2 siblings aged 13-25. Probands and up to 2 of their siblings from families where fathers were reported by mothers to have 3 or more symptoms of alcohol dependence ("high risk", 100 AA, 100 W) and those from families where fathers were not so reported, or who screened negative ("controls": 150 AA, 150 W) will be invited for telephone diagnostic interview at baseline and again at 2 years, with brief telephone diagnostic interview at baseline and again at 2 years, with brief telephone follow up interviews in other years along with annual questionnaire assessments. Data will be used to test hypotheses about (i) sibling and peer influences on alcohol and other substance involvement and problems, (ii) relationships between parenting style, parental alcoholism and co-morbidity, and offspring alcoholism, (iii) relationships between co-morbidity, temperament, traumatic events and this chronic stress, and offspring alcoholism, and (iv) the modification of these relationships by ethnicity. Results from this project will provide an important check on the generalizability of finds from other projects that rely upon specialized twin-family designs.