CANCER GENETICS

癌症遗传学计划由12名参与成员组成，代表着每年510万美元的直接成本(总成本为730万美元)的同行审查资金总额。在过去的两年中，其成员共发表了106篇与癌症相关的同行评审出版物，其中7%是方案内和方案间的合作。癌症遗传学计划专注于在癌症研究中使用经典和分子遗传学，以了解疾病的机制基础，并开发治疗干预措施。来自人类基因组计划的信息以及用于突变检测、连锁分析、位置克隆和候选基因分析的工具的可用性促进了基因发现过程。这导致了对与各种类型癌症的发展有关的基因异常的持续识别。此外，各种癌症的基因改造实验方法的现成可用。此外，对小鼠和人类细胞进行基因改造的实验方法的现成，使研究人员能够研究这些新发现的异常对直接在哺乳动物系统中发展和治疗癌症的意义和功能影响。在了解酵母菌等模式生物方面取得了快速进展。黑腹鱼、X laevis和线虫，再加上人们认识到在高等物种和哺乳动物细胞的癌症发展中重要的许多分子途径在模式生物中是保守的，导致将对这些生物的研究富有成效地引入癌症研究。这些不同但互补的方法在哺乳动物遗传学中的综合应用统一并加速了我们对基因组结构和调控成分中的连锁干扰的理解，这些干扰是肿瘤发生的特征。为了利用这些发展并将其应用于加州大学圣迭戈分校的癌症研究计划，癌症遗传学计划重点研究(1)癌症相关模型系统；(2)小鼠癌症遗传学；(3)哺乳动物癌症遗传学；(4)临床癌症遗传学。

The Cancer Genetics Program consists of 12 Participating Members, representing total peer-reviewed funding of $5.1 Million in annual direct costs (7.3 Million in total costs). During the last two years, its Members generated a total of 106-cancer-relevant peer-reviewed publications, 7% of which were intra- and inter-programmatic collaborations. The Cancer Genetics Program is focused on using classical and molecular genetics in the study of cancer, both for understanding the mechanistic basis of the disease and for developing therapeutic interventions. The information coming onstream from Human Genome Project and the availability of tools for use in mutation detection, linkage analysis, positional cloning and candidate gene analysis have facilitated the gene discovery process. This is resulting in the continuing identification of genetic abnormalities involved in the development of various types of cancer. Additionally, the ready availability of experimental methods for the genetic modification of various types of cancer. Additionally, the ready availability of experimental methods for the genetic modification of both mouse and human cells have allowed investigators to study the significance and functional implications of these newly recognized abnormalities for the development and treatment of cancer directly in mammalian systems. Rapid progress in understanding model organisms like yeast, De. Melanogaster, X laevis and C. elegans, coupled with the realization that many molecular pathways that are important in the development of cancer in higher species and mammalian cells are conserved in model organisms, has led to the productive introduction of studies of such organisms into cancer research. Integrated application of these different but complementary approaches to mammalian genetics unify and accelerate our understanding of the interlocking disturbances in the structural and regulatory components of the genome which characterize the onset of neoplasia. To take advantage of these developments and bring them to bear on the cancer research program at UCSD, the Cancer Genetics Program has put emphasis on studying (1) Cancer-relevant Model Systems; (2) Mouse Cancer Genetics; (3) Mammalian Cancer Genetics and; (4) Clinical Cancer Genetics.