CANCER GENETICS

癌症遗传学项目由12个参与成员组成，代表了每年直接成本510万美元的同行评审资金（总成本730万美元）。在过去两年中，其成员共发表了106篇与癌症相关的同行评议出版物，其中7%是规划内和规划间的合作。癌症遗传学项目的重点是在癌症研究中使用经典和分子遗传学，以了解疾病的机制基础和开发治疗干预措施。来自人类基因组计划的信息以及用于突变检测、连锁分析、定位克隆和候选基因分析的工具的可用性促进了基因发现的进程。这导致了对与各种癌症发展有关的基因异常的持续识别。此外，对各种类型的癌症进行基因改造的实验方法是现成的。此外，对小鼠和人类细胞进行基因改造的实验方法的现成可用性，使研究人员能够研究这些新发现的异常对哺乳动物系统中癌症的发展和治疗的意义和功能含义。对酵母菌、黑腹菌（De. Melanogaster）、X laevis和秀丽隐杆线虫（C. elegans）等模式生物的理解取得了快速进展，再加上人们认识到，在高等物种和哺乳动物细胞中癌症发展中重要的许多分子途径在模式生物中是保守的，这使得对这些生物的研究有效地引入了癌症研究。这些不同但互补的哺乳动物遗传学方法的综合应用统一并加速了我们对基因组结构和调控成分中的连锁干扰的理解，这些干扰是肿瘤发病的特征。为了利用这些发展并将其应用于加州大学圣地亚哥分校的癌症研究项目，癌症遗传学项目将重点放在以下研究上：(1)癌症相关模型系统；(2)小鼠肿瘤遗传学；(3)哺乳动物癌症遗传学；(4)临床肿瘤遗传学。

The Cancer Genetics Program consists of 12 Participating Members, representing total peer-reviewed funding of $5.1 Million in annual direct costs (7.3 Million in total costs). During the last two years, its Members generated a total of 106-cancer-relevant peer-reviewed publications, 7% of which were intra- and inter-programmatic collaborations. The Cancer Genetics Program is focused on using classical and molecular genetics in the study of cancer, both for understanding the mechanistic basis of the disease and for developing therapeutic interventions. The information coming onstream from Human Genome Project and the availability of tools for use in mutation detection, linkage analysis, positional cloning and candidate gene analysis have facilitated the gene discovery process. This is resulting in the continuing identification of genetic abnormalities involved in the development of various types of cancer. Additionally, the ready availability of experimental methods for the genetic modification of various types of cancer. Additionally, the ready availability of experimental methods for the genetic modification of both mouse and human cells have allowed investigators to study the significance and functional implications of these newly recognized abnormalities for the development and treatment of cancer directly in mammalian systems. Rapid progress in understanding model organisms like yeast, De. Melanogaster, X laevis and C. elegans, coupled with the realization that many molecular pathways that are important in the development of cancer in higher species and mammalian cells are conserved in model organisms, has led to the productive introduction of studies of such organisms into cancer research. Integrated application of these different but complementary approaches to mammalian genetics unify and accelerate our understanding of the interlocking disturbances in the structural and regulatory components of the genome which characterize the onset of neoplasia. To take advantage of these developments and bring them to bear on the cancer research program at UCSD, the Cancer Genetics Program has put emphasis on studying (1) Cancer-relevant Model Systems; (2) Mouse Cancer Genetics; (3) Mammalian Cancer Genetics and; (4) Clinical Cancer Genetics.