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Interaction of auxin and strigolactone in the regulation of carpic dominance

生长素和独脚金内酯在鲤鱼优势调节中的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
2110700
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2110700
关键词：
Interaction auxin strigolactone regulation carpic

项目摘要

BackgroundSeeds produced during plant reproduction are known to communicate with each other, and seeds in older/more vigorous fruits are able to limit or abort the development of new fruits/seeds. The mechanisms that drive this phenomenon ('carpic dominance') are poorly characterised, but preliminary data suggest the phytohormones strigolactone and auxin play key roles.Objectives1. Analyse the role of strigolactone and auxin in carpic dominance.2. Identify transcriptional responses that result in carpic dominance.3. Define environmental signals that modulate carpic dominance in crop species.NoveltyAlthough the phenomenon of carpic dominance is long-recognized, very little work has been undertaken, especially in the molecular genetic era. This project thus represents a highly novel area in plant developmental biology. TimelinessThere is a pressing need to increase crop yields to feed an expanding global population. This project is thus exceptionally timely, since carpic dominance is a major limit on seed set, and understanding it could unlock rapid increases in yield potential.Experimental ApproachTo define the role of strigolactone and auxin in carpic dominance, we will exploit existing molecular genetic tools in the model plant Arabidopsis, including auxin/strigolactone mutants and reporter lines. We will also develop tools in the crop plant tomato (which has strong carpic dominance) to perform live imaging of auxin/strigolactone dynamics during fruit development. We will use RNA-seq to identify transcriptional changes that occur in both dominant and dominated fruit/seeds during carpic dominance, and will then test the role of identified candidate genes in the phenomenon using reverse genetic analyses. We will also use both field and glasshouse experiments in the crop species oilseed rape (a close relative of Arabidopsis), to identify the environmental signals that modulate the extent of carpic dominance, and to transfer knowledge generated in Arabidopsis to field/agricultural contexts.This project aims to understand the biochemical, genetic and cellular mechanisms that form the basis of the carpic dominance phenomenon in plants. It is therefore deeply rooted in mechanistic biology at the molecular and cellular level. The project is an excellent fit with the remit of the agriculture and food security research area. Global food security will require increased yield from major crop species, and carpic dominance acts as a major limit on yield in many of these species. If we can understand the mechanistic basis of carpic dominance, we can breed crop species with reduced carpic dominance, which could result in a step-change in yield, without the need for more intensive inputs (e.g. fertilizer).

背景已知在植物繁殖过程中产生的种子可以相互交流，而较老/更有活力的果实中的种子能够限制或中止新果实/种子的发育。驱动这一现象的机制(‘果皮优势’)特征不佳，但初步数据表明，植物激素马立内酯和生长素起着关键作用。分析了内酯和生长素在果肉优势中的作用。确定导致心脏占优势的转录反应。定义调节作物物种果皮优势的环境信号。新奇的是，尽管果皮优势现象早已被认识到，但很少有人开展工作，特别是在分子遗传学时代。因此，该项目代表了植物发育生物学中一个非常新颖的领域。时间紧迫迫切需要提高作物产量，以养活不断增长的全球人口。因此，这个项目是非常及时的，因为果皮优势是种子结实的主要限制因素，了解它可以释放产量潜力的快速增加。实验方法为了确定马齿内酯和生长素在果皮优势中的作用，我们将利用模式植物拟南芥中现有的分子遗传工具，包括生长素/生长素突变体和报告系。我们还将在农作物番茄(具有很强的果肉优势)中开发工具，以实时成像生长素/斯特里内酯在果实发育过程中的动态。我们将使用RNA-seq来确定在果皮显性期间在显性和受控果实/种子中发生的转录变化，然后将使用反向遗传分析来测试所确定的候选基因在这一现象中的作用。我们还将利用大田和温室实验，在作物油菜(拟南芥的近亲)中，识别调节果树优势程度的环境信号，并将拟南芥产生的知识转移到田间/农业环境中。本项目旨在了解植物果树优势现象的生化、遗传和细胞机制。因此，它深深植根于分子和细胞层面的机械生物学。该项目非常符合农业和粮食安全研究领域的任务范围。全球粮食安全将要求主要作物物种增加产量，而果树优势是其中许多物种产量的主要限制。如果我们能够理解果树优势的机制基础，我们就可以培育出果树优势减弱的作物物种，这可能导致产量的阶梯变化，而不需要更密集的投入(如化肥)。