Understanding the impact of industrial gas streams on CO2 capture solvent performance

了解工业气流对 CO2 捕集溶剂性能的影响

• 批准号: 2112009
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2112009
• 关键词: Understanding; impact; industrial; gas; streams

Carbon capture and storage will play a key role in achieving the IPCC goal to limit climate change to below 2 C. There are many large scale point source emitters of CO2 where it can be captured, including power stations (fuelled by gas, coal, and biomass), industrial manufacturing (iron and steel, cement), hydrogen production (via steam methane reforming), natural gas sweetening and biogas upgrading.Although there are numerous different approaches to CO2 capture, the use of chemical solvents is the most developed. However there are numerous drawbacks to the technology used, including chemical hazards (toxicity and emissions), energy performance, and material of construction compatibility.C-Capture has developed technology which uses approximately half the energy of current commercial technologies for the CO2 separation process, and utilises chemicals which are inexpensive, readily available, and much more environmentally benign than current solvents. The proposed project is designed to understand some of the key fundamental aspects of solvent performance which is of relevance to solvent based CO2 separation, which may help C-Capture develop improved processes in the future.The current objectives of the research are as follows:1. To prepare a range of solvents which have the capability to physically and/or chemically absorb CO2 at atmospheric pressure or higher pressure. 2. To measure and potentially rationalise key structural features which affect solubility of CO2 in the new solvents. 3. To understand potential solvent degradation mechanisms and how these may impact on the performance of a solvent.The project will begin with synthesis of some new chemical solvents, using synthetic organic chemistry techniques. These will be related to known solvents, and particular structural features for investigation include the nature of any heteroatoms present (e.g. N, O, S), any electronic and steric affects which may influence solubility and reactivity, and how this may be relevant to deployment in a real process situation.The potential of the solvents for dissolving CO2 will be measured at a variety of temperatures and pressures using vapour-liquid equilibria equipment, and compared with that of existing solvents. This will be used to determine how the chemical structure of the solvent influences its ability to dissolve CO2, particularly its relationship with temperature and pressure. Initially this will be empirical, but computational modelling may also be feasible depending on significance of results and progress.As key solvents are identified, they will be studied in more detail, particularly with regard to chemical stability (thermal and oxidative), using accelerated ageing techniques in the presence of oxygen and/or CO2. The effect of degradation on CO2 solubility, and hence capture performance, will be investigated. In addition, any degradation products will be identified and attempts will be made to understand their origin. In PhD work by another student (unpublished, now writing up), we have recently used such techniques to investigate amine degradation, and have identified one new major degradation product from MEA that is previously unreported.These learnings will then be applied to real commercial systems, through collaboration with C-Capture. For example, C-Capture currently have a solvent contactor unit currently on location at Drax power station, which has the capability to continuously expose solvents to biomass flue gas for extended periods of time. Samples prepared using this method can be compared with those from accelerated ageing to determine effectiveness of the method. This project will also involve working with an innovative SME, commercialising research that originated from the University, which has the potential to have enormous impact around the world, with major opportunity for wealth creation for the UK.

碳捕获和储存将在实现IPCC将气候变化限制在2摄氏度以下的目标方面发挥关键作用。有许多大规模的CO2点源排放者可以捕获CO2，包括发电站（以天然气、煤和生物质为燃料）、工业制造（钢铁、水泥）、制氢（通过蒸汽甲烷重整）、天然气脱硫和沼气升级。尽管有许多不同的CO2捕获方法，但使用化学溶剂是最发达的。然而，所使用的技术存在许多缺点，包括化学危害（毒性和排放）、能源性能和建筑材料的兼容性。C-Capture开发的技术在二氧化碳分离过程中使用的能源约为目前商业技术的一半，并且使用的化学品价格低廉，易于获得，比目前的溶剂更环保。该项目旨在了解与溶剂型CO2分离相关的溶剂性能的一些关键基本方面，这可能有助于C-Capture在未来开发改进的工艺。制备一系列能够在大气压或更高压力下物理和/或化学吸收CO2的溶剂。2.测量并可能合理化影响CO2在新溶剂中溶解度的关键结构特征。3.了解潜在的溶剂降解机制以及这些机制如何影响溶剂的性能。该项目将开始使用合成有机化学技术合成一些新的化学溶剂。这些将与已知的溶剂相关，并且用于研究的特定结构特征包括存在的任何杂原子的性质（例如N、O、S），任何可能影响溶解度和反应性的电子和空间效应，以及这与在真实的工艺情况下的部署如何相关。将在各种温度和压力下使用蒸汽-液体平衡设备，并与现有的溶剂进行比较。这将用于确定溶剂的化学结构如何影响其溶解CO2的能力，特别是其与温度和压力的关系。最初这将是经验性的，但计算建模也可能是可行的，这取决于结果和进展的重要性。随着关键溶剂的确定，将更详细地研究它们，特别是关于化学稳定性（热和氧化），在氧气和/或CO2存在下使用加速老化技术。将研究降解对CO2溶解度的影响，从而研究捕获性能。此外，将鉴别任何降解产物，并尝试了解其来源。在另一位学生的博士论文中（未发表，正在撰写中），我们最近使用这种技术来研究胺的降解，并确定了一种以前未报道的MEA的新的主要降解产物。通过与C-Capture的合作，这些知识将应用于真实的商业系统。例如，C-Capture目前在Drax发电站有一个溶剂接触器装置，该装置能够长时间持续将溶剂暴露在生物质烟道气中。使用该方法制备的样品可与加速老化样品进行比较，以确定该方法的有效性。该项目还将涉及与创新的中小企业合作，将来自大学的研究商业化，这有可能在世界各地产生巨大影响，为英国创造财富提供重大机会。