Smart Autoclaves for High Temperature/High Pressure Corrosion Assessment.

研究背景：石油和天然气、碳捕获和储存(CCS)或地热应用中的腐蚀控制对于缓解由于严重腐蚀机制未被发现而导致的设备故障非常重要。随着我们转向更深层次的资源，自然环境变得非常恶劣，增加了腐蚀失效和结垢的风险和复杂性，进而危及设备的效率和寿命。高温和高压条件以及腐蚀性盐和溶解气体对各种部件的完整性构成了重大威胁，这些部件包括衬套和井口、井口、涡轮机、泵、阀门、热交换器、管道、分离器、冷凝器、硫化氢净化系统等。了解在这些行业中观察到的在高压和高温(HPHT)环境下观察到的腐蚀过程的复杂性是缓解腐蚀相关故障的关键。高温高压环境中的腐蚀机理和反应可能非常迅速，腐蚀行为的研究(特别是电化学腐蚀测量)在实验上可能非常具有挑战性。需要一个精确的系统来测量电化学行为，以便捕捉温度高达250摄氏度和压力高达10兆帕时的腐蚀反应和腐蚀产物动力学。合适的体系应包括电化学池、电极设计、溶液/样品制备和实验方案。文献综述：-了解并回顾关于油田、碳捕获和储存以及地热应用中腐蚀和二氧化碳/硫化氢腐蚀的文献-确定当前的行业需求和文献中的差距-对用于高温高压腐蚀研究的当前技术和系统进行批判性分析-确定用于高温高压腐蚀研究的商业可用技术和系统的当前限制。系统设计：-开发一种新的双高压灭菌器系统，具有集成的电化学和与O2水平和lt保持稳定溶液化学的能力；10 ppb(初始中等压力/温度-控制pH和Fe2+)-设计和开发一种新的系统，能够在HPHT动态条件下保持稳定的溶液化学。项目阶段1：了解和回顾有关油田腐蚀和CO2/H2S腐蚀的电化学文献，碳捕获和储存以及地热应用(0-3个月)2：了解使用高压灭菌器进行腐蚀测试的测试标准和当前限制(0-3个月)3：确定双高压灭菌器设置所必需的硬件和组件：使用使用两个玻璃电池的内部现有设备作为概念验证(3-6个月)4：从LBBC Baskerville标准灭菌器收集数据(6-9个月)5：设计和开发综合电化学的双高压灭菌器(6-12)6：使用综合电化学的双高压灭菌器设置进行腐蚀研究(9-12个月)6.1已开发系统的概念验证：-通过加热时间比较有无预腐蚀的结果-将系统中的O2降低到&lt；10 ppb的方法-在情况7下获得准确的腐蚀率数据：在低二氧化碳(&lt；10bar)和低温(&lt；10bar)的二氧化碳环境中，双高压灭菌器对pH和水化学的传感能力的发展。150摄氏度)8：开发具有(12-18个月)能力的全自动先进高压灭菌器系统：-在高温高压(100巴和200摄氏度)动态条件下保持稳定的溶液化学成分-现场给药/取样化学品-现场监测O2/pH的方法9：根据拟议的实验计划进行腐蚀研究，并采用详细的分析技术(18-36个月)9.已开发系统的概念验证：比较使用和不使用发展的溶液化学的结果

Context of research: Controlling corrosion in Oil and Gas, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) or Geothermal applications is important to mitigating equipment failure as a result of severe corrosion mechanisms going undetected. As we move to deeper resources, natural environments become very aggressive, increasing the risk and complexity of corrosion failures and scaling and in turn endangering the efficiency and longevity of the equipment. High temperature and pressure conditions, as well as corrosive salt and dissolved gases represent a major threat to the integrity of the various components, including liners and well casings, well heads, turbines, pumps, valves, heat exchangers, pipes, separators, condensers, H2S abatement systems, etc. Understanding the complex nature of corrosion processes observed in such industries that occur under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) environments is the key mitigating corrosion-related failures. Corrosion mechanisms and reactions in HPHT environments can be extremely rapid and the investigation of the corrosion behaviour (in particular electrochemical corrosion measurements) can be very challenging experimentally. An accurate system is required to measure the electrochemical behaviour in order to capture the corrosion reactions and corrosion product kinetics at temperatures up to 250C and pressures up to 10 MPa. The suitable system should include the electrochemical cell, electrode designs, solution/sample preparation and experimental protocol.Aims and objectives. Literature review:- Understand and review the literature surrounding electrochemistry of corrosion and CO2/H2S corrosion in Oilfield, Carbon Capture & Storage and Geothermal Applications- Identify current industry needs and gaps in the literature- Perform a critical analysis of the current technology and systems used for HPHT corrosion studies - Define the current limitations of commercially available technology and systems used for HPHT corrosion studies.System design:- Development of a new dual autoclave system with integrated electrochemistry and the capability of maintaining a stable solution chemistry with O2 levels <10 ppb (initially moderate pressures/temperatures - control pH & Fe2+)- To design and develop a new system with the capability of maintaining a stable solution chemistry in HPHT dynamic conditions.Project Stages1: Understand and review the literature surrounding electrochemistry of corrosion and CO2/H2S corrosion in Oilfield, Carbon Capture & Storage and Geothermal Applications (0 - 3 months)2: Understanding of the testing standards and current limitations using autoclave for corrosion testing (0 - 3 months)3: Identify the hardware and components essential for a dual-autoclave set-up: Use existing equipment in-house using two glass cells as proof of concept (3-6 months)4: Data collection from LBBC Baskerville standard autoclave (6-9 months)5: Design and development of dual-autoclave with integrated Electrochemistry (6-12)6: Corrosion study using dual-autoclave set-up with integrated electrochemistry (9-12 months) 6.1. Proof of concept of developed system:- Compare results with and without pre-corrosion through heat-up time- Method for reducing O2 in system to < 10 ppb - Obtaining accurate corrosion rate data in-situ7: Development of sensory capabilities for pH and water chemistry in dual-autoclave in a CO2 environment at low pCO2 (<10 bar) and low temperature (<150 C)8: Development of a fully automated advanced autoclave system with the capability of (12-18 months):- Maintaining a stable solution chemistry in HTHP (100 bar and 200 C) dynamic conditions - Dosing/sampling chemicals in-situ - Method for monitoring O2/pH in-situ9: Corrosion study based on proposed experimental plan with detailed analysis techniques (18 -36 months)9.1. Proof of concept of developed system:- Compare results with and without evolving solution chemistry