Exploring root resistance to take-all disease from wheat landraces and ancestral wheat relatives

探索小麦地方品种和小麦近缘种根系对全病害的抵抗力

• 批准号: 2117982
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2117982
• 关键词: Exploring; root; resistance; take; disease

Wheat is regarded as one of the three most important crops for human calorie intake and livestock feed. This project aims to further characterise and genetically define resistance to take-all disease found in an ancestral wheat relative, T. monococcum. Characterising the mechanism of resistance will enhance our knowledge of such interactions and potentially lead to new methods of disease control and improved root health that could be used in farming practices of wheat worldwide. Identifying the locus/ loci conferring this resistance will have future applications through introducing such genes into commercially grown wheat varieties. Take-all disease has been linked to yield losses of up to 60% in wheat and yet control methods are very limited, with currently no identified genes for resistance. Therefore, outcomes of this research could improve wheat performance from new cultivars with genetic resistance to root disease, reducing the reliance on crop rotation or chemical interventions. This take-all disease resistance/wheat root health study will involve the following possible experiments:1.The genetic basis of resistance will be investigated using the diploid wheat Triticum monococcum (Tm) mapping population derived from a cross MDR031 (resistant) x MDR043 (susceptible). Third wheat field trials have already been carried out in 2017 and 2018, and this will be replicated in 2019. Sampled and stored root systems will be visually scored for resistance to take-all. 2. A molecular marker map will be generated for the MDR031 x MDR043 population based on a combination of known SSR markers and newly developed KASP markers using SNP information from restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing as well as the data from the defra funded wheat promotome capture experiment within WGIN3. Molecular markers closely flanking the resistance QTL or QTLs will be determined.3. The resistance present in MDR031 is currently being introgressed into the hexaploid wheat cv. Paragon as part of the defra funded WGIN4 project. Once the backcross generation has reached stage 4, the associated molecular markers identified (in 2 above) will be used on plants to determine which harbour the QTL of interest.4. A collection of take-all isolates will be recovered from the parental Tm lines as well as hexaploid wheat Hereward from field samples and characterised for type, sensitivity to the chemistry silthiofam and via ITS sequencing. The properties of this new collection will be compared with those of the main RRes collection.5. The influence of take-all on the yield of MDR031 and MDR043 will be explored by devising a new ear sampling protocol when Tm is grown in 1st and 3rd wheat situations. Tolerance of Tm to take-all disease has not previously been explored.6. A potentially susceptible rye species will initially be re-investigated in pot tests. If proven to be susceptible, this rye accession will be crossed to a resistant rye and the genetic basis of resistance explored in subsequent generations. The two ryes will also be grown and evaluated in 1st and 3rd wheat field trials to determine adult plant performance and to recover take-all isolates able to colonise rye roots. The mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resistance of rye to take-all will also be studied in pot tests and other types of assays.7. Near isogenic lines (NILs) in the cv. Chinese Spring harbouring the 3N QTL introgressed from Aegilops uniaristata, conferring prolific root development will be studied for their response to take-all infection in pot and 1st and 3rd field experiments and the altered root architecture quantified.8. A comparative microbiome analysis will be done using the Tm parental lines and Hereward in field trials to explore whether the species profile in the rhizosphere and endosphere is altered in the presence of the resistance conferred by MDR031.

小麦被认为是人类热量摄入和牲畜饲料的三种最重要的作物之一。该项目旨在进一步研究和遗传定义在小麦祖先亲戚T中发现的对全蚀病的抗性。单球菌属表征抗性机制将增强我们对这种相互作用的了解，并可能导致新的疾病控制方法和改善根系健康，可用于全球小麦的耕作实践。鉴定赋予这种抗性的基因座将通过将这些基因引入商业种植的小麦品种中而具有未来的应用。全蚀病与小麦产量损失高达60%有关，但控制方法非常有限，目前还没有鉴定出抗性基因。因此，这项研究的结果可以提高小麦新品种对根病的遗传抗性，减少对作物轮作或化学干预的依赖。本研究将包括以下可能的试验：1.利用由MDR031（抗病）× MDR043（感病）杂交获得的二倍体小麦一粒小麦（Triticummonococcum，Tm）作图群体，研究抗病性的遗传基础。第三次麦田试验已于2017年和2018年进行，并将于2019年复制。将对取样和储存的根系进行目视评分，以确定其抗全蚀性。2.基于已知SSR标记和新开发的KASP标记的组合，使用来自限制性位点相关DNA（RAD）测序的SNP信息以及来自defra资助的WGIN 3内小麦启动子组捕获实验的数据，将生成MDR031 x MDR043群体的分子标记图谱。将确定紧邻抗性QTL的分子标记. MDR031中存在的抗性目前正在渗入六倍体小麦品种中。Paragon是Defra资助的WGIN 4项目的一部分。一旦回交世代已经达到第4阶段，将在植物上使用鉴定的相关分子标记（在以上2中）以确定哪个含有感兴趣的QTL。将从亲本Tm系以及来自田间样品的六倍体小麦Hereward中回收一批全蚀分离株，并通过ITS测序表征其类型、对化学硅硫菌胺的敏感性。这个新集合的属性将与主RRes集合的属性进行比较。5.当Tm在第一和第三小麦情况下生长时，将通过设计新的穗取样方案来探索全蚀对MDR 031和MDR 043产量的影响。Tm对全蚀病的耐受性以前尚未被探索。一个潜在的易感黑麦品种将首先在盆栽试验中重新调查。如果被证明是敏感的，这黑麦加入将杂交到一个抗黑麦和抗性的遗传基础，在随后的几代探索。这两种黑麦也将在第一和第三麦田试验中生长和评估，以确定成年植物的表现，并恢复能够在黑麦根部定殖的全蚀分离物。黑麦对全蚀病的易感性和抗性机制也将在盆栽试验和其他类型的试验中进行研究。近等基因系（近等基因系）的品种。将在盆栽和第1和第3次田间试验中研究含有从单芒山羊草渗入的3N QTL的中国春，赋予多产的根发育，以研究它们对全蚀感染的反应，并量化改变的根构型。将在田间试验中使用Tm亲本系和Hereward进行比较微生物组分析，以探索在存在MDR 031赋予的抗性的情况下根际和内围中的物种概况是否发生改变。