Stress, Dopamine, HPA axis, and Alcohol Sensitivity

压力、多巴胺、HPA 轴和酒精敏感性

• 批准号: 6640830
• 负责人: LYNN M OSWALD
• 金额: $ 4.42万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6640830
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; case history; clinical research; disease /disorder proneness /risk; dopamine; dopamine receptor; family genetics; human subject; hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; neural transmission; neurophysiology; patient oriented research; perception; positron emission tomography; postdoctoral investigator; preference; psychological stressor; psychological tests; stimulus /response; stress; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Broad objectives are to examine direct and mediating effects of life stressors and perceived stress on biological systems associated with vulnerability to alcoholism. Both stress and family history have been shown to be strong predictors of risk for alcoholism, but mechanisms remain unclear. SPECIFIC AIMS: 1) To determine whether stress is associated with HPA axis function, DA neurotransmission, or subjective alcohol liking, 2) To examine relationships between life stressors, perceived stress, and family history of alcoholism, 3) To determine whether the relationship between family history and HPA axis function or DA neurotransmission is influenced by stress. METHODS: 100 M, F 21-26 year-old social drinkers will be hospitalized for 11 days on the GCRC. Information about family history, psychological symptoms, stress symptomatology, and personality will be obtained. Each subject will undergo 3 PET scans to assess DA neurotransmission. A psychological stress test will be used to evaluate HPA axis function. Individual differences in alcohol sensitivity will be evaluated with alcohol challenges. We hypothesize that pre-existing stress will be positively associated with DA release, HPA axis activity, and alcohol liking. Findings could improve preventative care of high-risk nonalcoholics and treatment of alcohol dependent persons by helping to clarify biological processes involved in the relationship between stress reactivity and alcohol reinforcement.

描述（由申请人提供）：广泛的目标是检查直接 生活压力源和知觉压力对生物学的中介作用 与酗酒易感性相关的系统。压力和家庭 历史已被证明是酗酒风险的强有力的预测因素，但 其机制仍不清楚。具体目标：1）确定压力是否 与HPA轴功能、DA神经传递或主观酒精相关 2）探讨生活压力源、知觉压力、 和家族酗酒史，3）以确定是否关系 家族史与HPA轴功能或DA神经传递之间的联系， 受到压力的影响。方法：对100名21-26岁男性、女性饮酒者进行问卷调查， 在GCRC住院11天。关于家族史的信息， 心理症状，压力心理学和个性将是 得到了每例受试者将接受3次PET扫描，以评估DA 神经传递心理压力测试将用于评估HPA 轴函数将评估酒精敏感性的个体差异 酒精挑战我们假设预先存在的压力 与DA释放、HPA轴活性和酒精喜好呈正相关。 研究结果可以改善高危非酗酒者的预防护理， 帮助澄清酒精依赖者的生物学特征， 应激反应与酒精之间的关系 加固.