DOPAMINE AND RISKS FOR DRUG ABUSE

多巴胺和药物滥用风险

• 批准号: 7951188
• 负责人: LYNN M OSWALD
• 金额: $ 0.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7951188
• 关键词: Advertisements; Age; Amphetamines; Area; Baltimore; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chronic; Clinical Research; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computers; Deltastab; Development; Diagnostic; Dopamine; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Electrocardiogram; Eligibility Determination; Funding; Grant; Hospital Departments; Human; Image; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informed Consent; Institution; Interview; Laboratories; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maryland; Measures; Medical History; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Population; Positron-Emission Tomography; Principal Investigator; Psychosocial Factor; Qualifying; Raclopride; Radiology Specialty; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Respondent; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; School Nursing; Screening procedure; Source; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Technology; Telephone; Testing; TimeLine; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Urinalysis; base; design; disorder risk; drug abuser; medical schools; metropolitan; neuroimaging; neurotransmission; psychologic; response; trait; young adult

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether alterations in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission predate and may influence risks for drug abuse in humans. Derangements in dopamine function have been observed in several populations of drug abusers in recent neuroimaging research. However, it remains unclear whether these alterations are a cause or a consequence of chronic drug use. Two psychosocial factors that have been strongly associated with the development and course of substance use disorders are risk-taking behavior and environmental stress. In this study, we will use positron emission tomography (PET) technology to examine whether dopaminergic responses to amphetamine are associated with individual differences in either of these variables in healthy young adults. We suggest that dampened DA sensitivity to drugs is a risk factor for substance abuse and that risk taking and stress increase risks for drug abuse through this mechanism. DESIGN Subjects will be healthy young adults, ages 18 through 29, recruited by advertisements and posted flyers from the Baltimore metropolitan area. Respondents who appear to qualify for the study based on an initial telephone screen will be invited to our offices to provide informed consent. The research will be conducted in two phases. Phase 1: In-person screening will include a psychiatric diagnostic interview and completion of several self-report forms. A brief medical history will also be obtained. Individuals who qualify will complete a laboratory performance session that includes administration of five computer-based measures of trait impulsivity. Phase 2: Subjects who complete the laboratory performance session will be asked to provide informed consent for a positron emission tomography (PET) study. Additional screening needed to assess subjects' eligibility to participate in the PET scans will include a history and physical exam, standard laboratory tests (i.e., blood chemistry panel, CBC, PT, PTT, TSH and urinalysis) and electrocardiogram (EKG). Qualified participants will participate in two [11C]raclopride PET scans measuring amphetamine-induced DA release. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan will be conducted prior to the PET scans for coregistration of emission images. TIMELINE: Telephone screen Phase 1 in-person screening and assessment Laboratory performance session Phase 2 screening MRI scan [11C]raclopride PET scans Recruitment, screening, psychological assessments, and behavioral performance sessions will be conducted in the research offices of the Principal Investigator at the University of Maryland School of Nursing. History and physical exams, screening EKGs and standard laboratory tests will be done at the University of Maryland School of Medicine General Clinical Research Center (UM-GCRC). MRIs and PET scans will be conducted at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Radiology.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 目的 本研究的目的是评估多巴胺 (DA) 神经传递的改变是否早于人类药物滥用风险并可能影响药物滥用风险。最近的神经影像学研究在一些吸毒者群体中观察到多巴胺功能紊乱。然而，目前尚不清楚这些变化是长期吸毒的原因还是结果。与物质使用障碍的发展和病程密切相关的两个心理社会因素是冒险行为和环境压力。在这项研究中，我们将使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）技术来检查健康年轻人对安非他明的多巴胺能反应是否与这些变量中的个体差异相关。我们认为，DA 对药物的敏感性减弱是药物滥用的一个危险因素，而冒险和压力通过这种机制增加了药物滥用的风险。 设计 受试者是 18 岁至 29 岁的健康年轻人，通过广告和张贴传单从巴尔的摩都会区招募。根据初步电话筛选看来符合研究资格的受访者将被邀请到我们的办公室提供知情同意书。研究将分两个阶段进行。第一阶段：现场筛查将包括精神病学诊断访谈和填写几份自我报告表。还将获得简短的病史。符合资格的个人将完成实验室表现课程，其中包括管理五种基于计算机的特质冲动测量。第 2 阶段：完成实验室表现课程的受试者将被要求提供正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 研究的知情同意书。评估受试者参加 PET 扫描的资格所需的额外筛查包括病史和体格检查、标准实验室测试（即血液化学检查、CBC、PT、PTT、TSH 和尿液分析）和心电图 (EKG)。合格的参与者将参加两次 [11C]雷氯必利 PET 扫描，测量安非他明诱导的 DA 释放。在 PET 扫描之前将进行磁共振成像 (MRI) 扫描，以对发射图像进行配准。 时间表： 电话屏 第一阶段现场筛选和评估 实验室表演环节 第二阶段筛选 核磁共振成像扫描 [11C]雷氯必利 PET 扫描 招募、筛选、心理评估和行为表现课程将在马里兰大学护理学院首席研究员的研究办公室进行。病史和体格检查、心电图筛查和标准实验室检查将在马里兰大学医学院普通临床研究中心 (UM-GCRC) 进行。 MRI 和 PET 扫描将在约翰霍普金斯医院放射科进行。