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Imaging Research on Impulsivity, Stress and Drug Abuse

冲动、压力和药物滥用的影像学研究

基本信息

批准号：
8262400
负责人：
LYNN M OSWALD
金额：
$ 57.83万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-07-01 至 2014-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8262400
关键词：
Accounting Alcohol or Other Drugs use Amphetamines Arousal Behavior Brain Characteristics Chronic stress Clinical Research Corpus striatum structure Coupled Deltastab Development Dimensions Disease Disinhibition Dopamine Drug Use Disorder Drug abuse Environmental Risk Factor Esthesia Event Genetic Human Image Impulsive Behavior Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Knowledge Laboratories Life Life Stress Long-Term Effects Measures Mediating Nature Neurobiology Neurotransmitters Participant Pathway interactions Performance Personality Personality Traits Plague Play Positron-Emission Tomography Predisposition Prevention strategy Process Raclopride Recording of previous events Reporting Research Rewards Risk Risk Factors Risk-Taking Role Serotonin Stress Substance Addiction Substance Use Disorder Substance abuse problem System Technology Variant abstracting addiction disorder risk dopamine system drug abuser drug addict drug of abuse neurochemistry neuroimaging neurotransmission pre-clinical preclinical study protective effect relating to nervous system response stem stress related disorder tool trait treatment strategy young adult

项目摘要

Abstract In the past decade, neuroimaging technology has expanded knowledge about the effects of drugs of abuse on brain neurocircuitry and has provided tools for increasing our understanding of the role that these circuits play in motivational behaviors and substance use disorders. Nevertheless, a persistent gap in our knowledge stems from the difficulties involved in trying to determine whether alterations in brain neurochemistry represent vulnerability factors or consequences of addiction in drug addicts. A challenging question that continues to plague this field is why some individuals are biologically more vulnerable to addiction than others. Two factors that have been strongly associated with the development and course of substance use disorders in clinical studies are impulsivity and environmental stress. There is growing evidence from preclinical studies that each of these factors may be associated with alterations in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. These findings, coupled with clear evidence of DA involvement in drug abuse, suggest that relationships among impulsivity, chronic stress, and drug abuse may be mediated by the DA system. Nevertheless, the nature of these relationships is still poorly understood and human studies are lacking. In the proposed study, we will use PET technology to evaluate whether specific alterations in DA function predate drug abuse in humans and may increase risks for the development of drug use disorders. Specifically, we will examine whether striatal DA responses to amphetamine are associated with risk taking behavior or chronic stress in healthy, young adults with no history of substance abuse or dependence. Participants will complete a laboratory performance assessment of risk taking behavior and two [11C]raclopride PET scans measuring individual differences in amphetamine-induced DA release. Measures of life events stress will also be obtained. Secondary aims include exploratory analysis of associations with other lower-order dimensions of impulsivity and with early life stress. We hypothesize that dampened DA activity is a risk factor for the development of substance use disorders and that risk taking and chronic stress increase risks for drug abuse through this mechanism. Project Narrative By increasing our understanding of discrete neural processes that mediate vulnerability substance use disorders, the findings will contribute to the ongoing development of new and promising prevention and treatment strategies that take into account fundamental differences in genetic and environmental vulnerability factors across individuals.

摘要