RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN MEMORY

本提案要求资深科学家奖(K05)支持 旨在促进对过程的理解的研究 以及人类记忆和简单决策的结构。调查正在进行中 计划在五个理论上相关的领域。首先，有三种模式可供选择 反应时间将使用简单知觉决策任务的数据进行测试 以及更高层次的认知任务。第二，模特们的能力 阐明从长期记忆中提取信息的过程 将被检查以查看模型是否可以有效地与 最近开发的记忆模型以一种可经验测试的方式进行。 第三，模型将扩展到具有两个以上响应的任务 选择，这一扩展是由今天的快速计算机实现的，而且是大型的 实验将被用来约束和测试扩展模型。第四， 使用反应时间模型将被扩展以测试当前领先的 分类模型：样本模型和与标准模型的距离。 第五，我们的目标是开发用于研究内隐记忆的任务的模型。 关于内隐记忆的研究通常是在没有任何外显的， 内隐记忆过程的可量化测试模型。我们的目标是 将关于内隐记忆的理论争论提升到对 引爆效应究竟是如何产生的。总体而言，拟议的研究 代表了两种方法的相互作用：显式的发展 加工与表征模型与实证检验的发展 以及模型的数据库。一个重要的主题是使用新模型来 作为公认观点的竞争者，目的是驾驶 在新的方向上研究。K05奖将为 申请人须扩阔其在随机学领域的知识和技能 流程建模、神经处理和老化(后两者是主题 其他资助的赠款)。它还将为研究提供额外的时间 关于本提案中描述的记忆模型和反应时模型，以及 与Segraves(神经处理)、Smith和Thapar(老化)的合作。 所有拟议的研究都与NIMH的使命高度相关。这个 要检查的大类模型可以被视为神经启发，并且 神经建模基金的目的是将行为模型与 单细胞神经记录数据。此外，尽管很少有车型被 适用于大学本科生以外的人群，另一项资助 将反应时模型应用于出现认知缺陷的 衰老。经过充分验证的模型的未来应用可能有助于区分 诸如记忆缺陷是由编码还是提取引起的问题 问题，到快速的自动化过程或更慢、更有意识的过程。反应 时间模型尤其可能导致诊断技术 非侵入性且相对便宜。

This proposal requests a senior scientist award (K05) to support research that has the goal of contributing to an understanding of the processes and structures of human memory and simple decision making. Investigation is planned in five, theoretically related domains. First, three models of choice reaction time will be tested using data from simple perceptual decision tasks and from higher level cognitive tasks. Second, the models' abilities to elucidate the processes by which information is retrieved from long term memory will be examined to see whether the models can be usefully combined with recently developed memory models in such a way as to be empirically testable. Third, the models will be extended to tasks that have more than two response choices, an extension made feasible by today's fast computers, and large experiments will be used to constrain and test the extended models. Fourth, the work with reaction time models will be extended to test the currently leading models of categorization: exemplar models and distance from criterion models. Fifth, we aim to develop models for the tasks used to study implicit memory. Research on implicit memory has usually progressed without any explicit, quantitatively testable models of implicit memory processes. The goal is to raise the level of theoretical debate about implicit memory to a discussion of exactly how priming effects come about. Overall, the proposed research represents the interaction of two methdologies: the development of explicit models of processing and representation and the development of empirical tests and databases for the models. An important theme is the use of new models to serve as competitors for well-established views, with the aim of driving research in new directions. The K05 award will provide additional time for the applicant to broaden his knowledge and skills in the domains of stochastic process modeling, neural processing, and aging (the latter two are the topics of other funded grants). It will also provide additional time for the research on memory models and reaction time models described in this proposal, and for collaborations with Segraves (neural processing), Smith, and Thapar (aging). All of the proposed research is highly relevant to the mission of NIMH. The broad class of models to be examined can be seen as neurally inspired, and the funded neural modeling grant aims at integrating the behavioral models with single cell neural recording data. In addition, although few models have been applied to populations other than college undergraduates, another funded grant will apply the reaction time models to the cognitive deficits that appear with aging. Future applications of well-validated models could help discriminate such issues as whether memory deficits are due to encoding or retrieval problems, to rapid automatic processes or slower, more conscious ones. Reaction time models especially might lead to diagnostic techniques that are non-invasive and relatively inexpensive.