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Design and optimisation of orbits in proximity of asteroids using solar sails

利用太阳帆设计和优化小行星附近的轨道

基本信息

批准号：
2126307
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Glasgow
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2126307
关键词：
Design optimisation orbits proximity asteroids

项目摘要

Close-up observations of asteroids (particularly near-Earth asteroids, or NEAs) are important both for scientific reasons (many characteristics are largely unknown today, and asteroids are very different one another), for planetary protection and for future exploitation of their resources (metals, water). A possible way to visit multiple asteroids is with a solar sail spacecraft. A solar sail is a large, reflective and lightweight membrane that is deployed from a spacecraft and provides a thrust by reflecting the photons from the sun. This is appealing because it generates a small, but continuous, acceleration over time without propellant expenditure, enabling high-v missions.Research in this group has shown the potential of solar sails to enable missions that can visit up to five near-Earth asteroids within ten years. In addition, trajectories were found for a variety of combinations of NEAs, as well as launch dates, demonstrating the flexibility offered by this type of propulsion. While the interplanetary journey is possible, a further research challenge is how to orbit around (or in proximity of) the asteroids: this PhD will investigate the dynamics and trajectories in proximity of the asteroids, together with the transfer to/from the interplanetary legs.Asteroid orbits are challenging for several reasons: asteroids are highly irregular bodies, and their shape and density are not known in advance; in addition, most are tumbling, generating an irregular and time-varying gravity field. An additional challenge comes from the use of the solar sail, whose acceleration can only be controlled, through attitude manoeuvres, within certain limits and constraints.Multi- and irregular body dynamics will be used. It is likely that an initial approach will be based on the energy levels and zero-velocity curves, to ensure bounded trajectories near the asteroid. Further research will involve numerical optimisation to target specific trajectories that maximise scientific return, reliability, and/or other merit figures. The ultimate goal is to design and optimise complete trajectories that inject into asteroid orbit starting from the interplanetary phase, orbit around the asteroid for a desired amount of time, and eventually depart into the next interplanetary transfer.

近距离观察小行星(特别是近地小行星或近地小行星)具有重要的科学意义，这既出于科学原因(目前许多特征目前尚不为人所知，而且小行星彼此之间也有很大差异)，对于行星保护和未来对其资源(金属、水)的开发都很重要。访问多颗小行星的一种可能方式是使用太阳帆宇宙飞船。太阳帆是一种从航天器上展开的大型、反射和轻质的薄膜，通过反射来自太阳的光子来提供推力。这很吸引人，因为它可以在没有推进剂支出的情况下，随着时间的推移产生微小但持续的加速，从而实现高v任务。该小组的研究表明，太阳帆具有潜力，能够在十年内访问最多五颗近地小行星。此外，还发现了各种近地天体组合的轨迹以及发射日期，表明了这种类型的推进所提供的灵活性。虽然行星际之旅是可能的，但进一步的研究挑战是如何围绕小行星(或小行星附近)运行：本博士将研究小行星附近的动力学和轨道，以及进出星际腿的转移。小行星轨道具有挑战性的原因有几个：小行星是高度不规则的天体，其形状和密度事先不知道；此外，大多数小行星正在翻滚，产生不规则和时变的重力场。另一个挑战来自太阳帆的使用，它的加速只能通过姿态操纵来控制，在一定的限制和约束内。将使用多个和不规则的身体动力学。最初的方法很可能是基于能级和零速度曲线，以确保小行星附近的有界轨迹。进一步的研究将涉及数字优化，以针对特定的轨迹，最大化科学回报、可靠性和/或其他优点数字。最终目标是设计和优化完整的轨道，从星际阶段开始注入小行星轨道，围绕小行星运行一段所需的时间，最终进入下一次星际转移。