SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THREATS TO SELF

描述(改编自研究员摘要)：这项研究探索了 自尊和威胁对社会评价影响的基本动态。 最近的证据表明，拥有高度自尊的人可能有 自我形象受到威胁时的人际关系和自我调节困难 挑战。描述了三项初步的实验室研究，证明了 二元互动伙伴对高自尊目标的负面评价 他们受到了自我的威胁。相比之下，自尊心较低的人 在受到自我威胁后，他们的评价更积极。拟议的研究探索了 自尊过高或过低的人际关系后果，尤其是 在受到威胁的情况下。第一系列由四个实验室组成 考察这一不对称评价语的人际语境的研究 图案。讨论的问题包括：人们在二元时代的表现如何 互动(口头和非口头)？评分者的自尊起到了什么作用 玩?这种不对称的喜欢效应是否仅限于陌生人？这是一种效果吗 仅限于亲密关系的任务？第二个系列的研究考察了 自我威胁后人际评价的动机基础。这个 一般的观点是，缺乏自尊的人专注于肯定 社会纽带，而缺乏自尊的人肯定个人能力。 这些动机差异具有社会后果，以至于 自尊的人行为会让人们喜欢他们，而高自尊的人 自尊的人的行为方式会导致人们不喜欢他们。三 研究评估了人们有动机获得的信息类型，他们的 二人组合作伙伴的记忆，以及他们期望被接受或 被拒绝了。第三个系列尝试直接测试建议的 不对称的喜好模式。本系列中提出的问题包括：自我 威胁改变自我关注的程度？自我威胁会导致差异吗？ 人际比较的模式？自尊的影响在 比较和自我关注与评分者的评价有关联吗？决赛 系列考虑了假设的负面后果的可能性 高自尊主要是由于防御性的或波动的自尊。 收集内隐自尊和自尊稳定性的测量结果 检查他们在人际关系评估中的作用。综合来看，有 研究将提供关于人际关系的重要信息 自尊心高或低的后果，特别是在某些情况下 这涉及到自我威胁。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): This research explores the basic dynamics of the effect of self-esteem and threat on social evaluation. Recent evidence suggests that individuals with high self-esteem may have interpersonal and self-regulatory difficulties when self-image is threatened or challenged. Three preliminary laboratory studies are described demonstrating that dyadic interaction partners negatively evaluate high self-esteem targets who have received an ego threat. By contrast, those with low self-esteem are evaluated more positively following an ego threat. The proposed studies explore the interpersonal consequences of having high or low self-esteem, especially under conditions of threat. The first series consists of four laboratory studies that examine the interpersonal context of this asymmetric evaluative pattern. The questions addressed include: How are people behaving in the dyadic interactions (verbally and nonverbally)? What role does the rater's self-esteem play? Is this asymmetric liking effect limited to strangers? Is this effect limited to an intimacy task? Studies in the second series examine the motivational basis of interpersonal evaluation following ego threat. The general proposition is that people with low self-esteem focus on affirming social bonds whereas people with low self-esteem affirm personal competence. These motivational differences have social consequences such that low self-esteem individuals act in ways that lead people to like them whereas high self-esteem individuals act in ways that lead people to dislike them. Three studies assess the sort of information people are motivated to obtain, their memory for dyad partners, and the extent they expect to be accepted or rejected. The third series tries to directly test the proposed mediators of the asymmetrical liking pattern. Questions asked in this series include: Does ego threat change degree of self-focus? Does ego threat lead to differential patterns of interpersonal comparisons? Do the effects of self-esteem in comparisons and self-focus correlate with evaluations made by raters? The final series considers the possibility that the putative negative consequences of high self-esteem are due primarily to defensive or fluctuating self-esteem. Measures of implicit self-esteem and self-esteem stability are collected to examine their role in interpersonal evaluation. Considered together, there studies will provide important information regarding the interpersonal consequences of having high or low self-esteem, especially under situations that involve ego threat.