Neural Mechanisms of Planning and Control of Movement

运动规划和控制的神经机制

• 批准号: 6621614
• 负责人: GIUSEPPE PELLIZZER
• 金额: $ 17.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6621614
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; behavioral /social science research tag; biological signal transduction; cues; electromyography; limb movement; motor cortex; neural information processing; neuromuscular function; neurophysiology; neuropsychological tests; parietal lobe /cortex; psychomotor function; sensorimotor system; statistics /biometry; visual stimulus; visual tracking

DESCRIPTION:(provided by applicant) The long term goal of this research is to elucidate how the brain specifies movement parameters before the initiation of a motor response, transforms these parameters when needed, and monitors them during the execution of a movement. These processes are incessantly used in the behavioral repertoire of many animal species, for example in activities as diverse as hunting preys or playing tennis. However, little attention has been given so far to the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with the amendment of movement parameters. The activity of neurons from cortical areas related to the preparation and execution of arm movements will be recorded in rhesus monkeys while they perform in specific tasks. These areas include the primary motor cortex, the dorsal premotor cortex and the posterior parietal cortex, which are considered essential nodes in the neural network engaged in planning and executing movements. A series of tasks was planned to investigate the neural processes associated with specifying movement parameters, and the transformation of this representation as needed in response to changes in the environment. A first group of tasks requires either discrete pointing arm movements toward a visual target that switches position, or continuous tracking of a moving target that moves first in one direction and then suddenly changes direction. In both cases the visually specified direction of movement is modified at some point either before or during the movement and requires a corresponding change in the specification of the motor response. The tasks are designed to characterize the patterns of neuronal activity engaged in defining and updating the visually specified goal of the motor output. In the first two tasks mentioned above, only one visual stimulus is present at any time before or during the motor response, and therefore the aim of the response is always unambiguously defined. However, it is also common that multiple alternatives for the upcoming motor response are considered before one is actually selected and executed. For example, while hunting it may be expected that the prey is more likely to escape in some directions than others, or while playing tennis that the opponent player responds by sending the ball at some angles rather than others. The neural process of preparatory activity will be investigated by using a precuing paradigm: two stimuli indicating two alternative possible responses are displayed, and after a delay one of them will become the actual target The analysis of the neural activity will address the questions of what are the characteristics of the preparatory activity, in particular in relation with the degree of disparity between the alternative responses; and how is this activity transformed when one of the alternative motor responses is selected. In all the experiments planned, the neuronal activity will be investigated both at the single-cell and population level. The analysis will serve to characterize the dynamics of the neural representation of movement parameters, in particular direction and amplitude, while it is formed before the initiation of the movement, and while it is transformed in response to the requirements of the task.

描述：（申请人提供） 这项研究的长期目标是阐明大脑如何指定 运动参数的运动响应的启动之前，转换这些 参数，并在运动执行期间监控它们。 这些过程不断地用于许多人的行为剧目中， 动物物种，例如在狩猎猎物或 打网球。然而，迄今为止， 与运动修正相关的神经生理机制 参数脑皮层神经元的活动 将在恒河猴中记录手臂运动的准备和执行 当他们执行特定任务时。这些区域包括主电机 皮质、背侧运动前皮质和后顶叶皮质，它们是 被认为是神经网络中参与规划的重要节点， 执行动作。计划了一系列的任务来研究神经系统 与指定移动参数相关联的过程，以及 根据需要对该表示进行转换，以响应 环境第一组任务需要分立的指向臂， 移动到一个视觉目标，切换位置，或连续跟踪 一个移动的目标先朝一个方向移动然后突然改变 方向在这两种情况下，视觉上指定的移动方向是 在运动之前或运动过程中的某个时刻进行修改，并需要 运动响应的规格的相应变化。各项工作任务 旨在描述神经元活动的模式， 以及更新电动机输出的视觉指定目标。前两 上述任务，只有一个视觉刺激存在于任何时间之前， 或在运动反应期间，因此反应的目的总是 明确定义。然而，多个替代方案也是常见的。 对于即将到来的运动响应，在实际选择一个之前， 然后被处决例如，在狩猎时，可以预期猎物是 更有可能从某些方向逃跑，或者在打网球时 对手球员的反应是以一定的角度击球， than others.准备活动的神经过程将被研究， 使用预处理范式：两个刺激指示两种可能的选择 响应被显示，并且在延迟之后，其中一个响应将成为实际响应。 对神经活动的分析将解决以下问题： 是筹备活动的特点，特别是与 不同反应之间的差异程度，这是怎么回事 当选择一个替代运动反应时，活动发生了变化。 在所有计划的实验中，将研究神经元活动， 在单细胞和群体水平上。分析将有助于 表征运动参数的神经表征的动力学， 在特定的方向和幅度，而它是在启动前形成的 的运动，虽然它是为了响应的要求， 任务。