Brain Mechanisms of Cognitivo-Motor Processes

认知运动过程的大脑机制

• 批准号: 8595284
• 负责人: GIUSEPPE PELLIZZER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: MINNEAPOLIS VA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8595284
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Affect; Amputation; Area; Behavior; Brain; Brain Injuries; Censuses; Characteristics; Commerce; Complex; Crackles; Crows; Cues; Deer; Degenerative Disorder; Development; Event; Flying body movement; General Population; Hand; Hearing; Human; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Lesion; Limb structure; Methodology; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neurons; Noise; Performance; Peripheral; Persons; Physical activity; Play; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Probability; Process; Research; Rest; Role; Signal Transduction; Speed; Spinal cord injury; Stimulus; Stroke; Time; Translating; Uncertainty; Veterans; Walking; Wood material; base; brain machine interface; disability; experience; human subject; information processing; motor disorder; neural prosthesis; nonhuman primate; programs; real world application; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project summary The long-term objective of this program of research is to further our understanding of the brain mechanisms associated with the selection, preparation and execution of motor responses. The better we understand these mechanisms the better we can translate this knowledge into useful real-world applications such as, for example, brain-machine interfaces. Most of the current brain-machine application studies are based on the knowledge that movement parameters such as movement direction and speed are important factors determining the activity of neurons in motor-related areas. The classical paradigm used to investigate the relation between neuronal activity and movement parameters has been the center-out task in which hand movements are made from a starting position toward one of several equiprobable and unambiguous targets. Although, this methodology has provided a great deal of important findings it does not take into account that in the real world motor responses are rarely selected among a set of equally probable responses and that the selection of the response is not always evident. On the contrary, efficient planning and control of movements depends greatly on the knowledge that some motor responses are more likely than others, and on the capacity to quickly process the information that is relevant. For example, a hunter may be able to predict to some extent the upcoming direction of a deer from cracklings in the woods, for example. However, it is also important that the target be recognized as a deer before shooting. For these reasons, it is important to extend the investigations of how the brain plans and controls movements in more complex conditions than those that have been used so far. To this end, we plan to investigate the preparation of reaching movements in different conditions of predictability of target direction and in different conditions of target ambiguity. Te research strategy is to study human and non-human primate subjects in the same tasks to provide a basis of comparison of behavior and neural processes between the two species. The neural processes of motor preparation and response selection will be investigated using single unit activity as well as local field potentials in the motor cortex of non-human primates, and magnetoencephallography in human subjects. Understanding how these signals reflect motor preparation and response selection in contexts of uncertainty and ambiguity is highly relevant to the development of brain-machine interfaces.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该研究计划的长期目标是进一步了解与运动反应的选择，准备和执行相关的大脑机制。我们对这些机制的理解越好，就越能将这些知识转化为有用的现实应用，例如脑机接口。目前的脑机应用研究大多基于运动方向和速度等运动参数是决定运动相关区域神经元活动的重要因素这一认识。用于研究神经元活动和运动参数之间关系的经典范式是中心向外任务，其中手的运动是从一个起始位置向几个等概率和明确的目标之一。尽管这种方法提供了大量重要的发现，但它没有考虑到在真实的世界中，运动响应很少在一组同样可能的响应中被选择，并且响应的选择并不总是明显的。相反，有效地规划和控制运动在很大程度上取决于某些运动反应比其他运动反应更可能发生的知识，以及快速处理相关信息的能力。例如，猎人可以从森林中的噼啪声中在一定程度上预测鹿即将到来的方向。然而，在射击之前识别目标是鹿也很重要。由于这些原因，重要的是要扩大调查大脑如何计划和控制运动在更复杂的条件比那些已经使用到目前为止。为此，我们计划研究在不同条件下的目标方向的可预测性和在不同条件下的目标模糊性达到运动的准备。研究策略是在相同的任务中研究人类和非人类灵长类动物，为比较两个物种之间的行为和神经过程提供基础。运动准备和反应选择的神经过程将使用单一的单位活动，以及在非人类灵长类动物的运动皮层的局部场电位，和人类受试者的脑磁图。了解这些信号如何反映在不确定性和模糊性背景下的运动准备和反应选择，与脑机接口的发展高度相关。