Evaluation and validation of a non-invasive (using latent fingerprints) drug screening device as a point-of-care tool for the detection of MDMA

潜在指纹（LFP）已被用于检测药物及其代谢物，使用一系列技术，包括免疫测定和质谱。LFP可由外分泌和皮脂腺汗液组成。MDMA的基本pKa为9.9，这使得它可以在汗液中识别，但它在LFP中的存在将在本文中进行探索。通过GC-MS和侧流分析检测LFP样品将用于检测这一目标。后者还将测试使用MDMA特定护理点测试的适用性，并将在节日期间通过验证过程完成。床旁检测是一种筛查检测，可以进行快速、非侵入性分析，对LFP很有用，因为样本不需要任何预处理。这种类型的测试是有吸引力的，因为它是非侵入性的，不需要训练有素的工作人员进行样本收集。GC-MS将作为确认方法，并将设计提取方法，以确认LFP中是否存在MDMA。如果LFP被用作药物检测的生物基质，则需要了解影响LFP沉积量的因素。这是论文的第二个目的。里奇韦将用于探索不同的梳理技术、气候和采样方法。该工具可立即量化沉积的LFP量，这一点至关重要，因为这是即时检测分析样本的阶段。目前使用的大多数技术在后期阶段进行量化或需要专门的设备。由Intelligent Fingerprinting Ltd设计的里奇韦在沉积时对样品进行定量。这将用于测试可能的影响因素，以优化用于床旁检测的LFP采集标准程序。除此之外，还将探索里奇韦的作用机制，以了解它与LFP沉积量的关系。这将通过将不同参数与样本产生的里奇韦评分进行比较来完成

Latent Fingerprints (LFP) have been used to detect drugs and their metabolites using a series of techniques including immunoassays and mass spectrometry. LFP can be composed of eccrine and sebaceous sweat. MDMA has a basic pKa of 9.9 which has allowed it to be identified in sweat but its presence in LFP will be explored in this thesis. Testing LFP samples via GC-MS and lateral flow assays will be used to test this aim. The latter will also test the suitability of using an MDMA specific point-of-care test and will be done through validation processes at festivals. Point-of-care tests, a type of screening test, can carry out quick, non-invasive analysis and are useful for LFP as samples don't require any pre-treatment. This type of test is attractive because it is non-invasive and doesn't require trained staff to carry out sample collection. GC-MS will act as a confirmation method and an extraction method will be designed in order to confirm MDMA's presence in LFP. If LFP are to be used as a biological matrix for drug detection, factors that influence the amount of LFP deposited need to be understood. This forms a second thesis aim. The Ridgeway will be used to explore different grooming techniques, climates and sampling methods. This tool quantifies the amount of LFP deposited immediately which is crucial as this is the stage the point-of-care test analyses the sample. Most techniques used currently quantify at later stages or requires specialised equipment. The Ridgeway, designed by Intelligent Fingerprinting Ltd, quantifies samples at deposition. This will be used to test the possible influential factors to optimise a standard procedure of LFP collection for the use in a point-of-care test. In addition to this, the Ridgeway's mechanism of action will also be explored to understand how it relates to the amount of LFP deposited. This will be done through comparing different parameters to the Ridgeway score produced by samples