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"The Future of Intimacy and Sextech: Gendered Modalities of Posthuman Technologies in Sexual Commerce"

“亲密关系和性科技的未来：性商业中后人类技术的性别模式”

基本信息

批准号：
2243711
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
King's College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2243711
关键词：
Future Intimacy Sextech Gendered Modalities

项目摘要

This project seeks to explore how different manifestations of artificial female bodies serve to create emotionally intimate interactions with sex-tech, through an investigation of the unexplored nodes of knowledge where Lovotics, posthumanism, and feminist thinking meet. Simultaneously, this research will investigate why intimate relationships, or "bounded authenticity" (Bernstein, 2007) are sought via sex-tech and sex robots, and what happens when these relationships are transposed into this field of sex-tech. The prevalence of discussions regarding sex robots shows a growing anxiety around HRI (Scheutz & Arnold, 2016), while the emergent field of "Lovotics" seeks to interrogate the possibilities of romantic interaction between humans and robots (Levy, Cheok & Devlin, 2016). This field of study is growing both symbiotically and exponentially as the sex-tech industry explodes into a 30 billion-dollar market (Davis, 2018). The panoply of products that incorporate technological innovation into devices for sexual satisfaction, includes, inter alia, sex-robots, avatars, chatbots, AI sex toys, and teledildonics. These manifestations can be divided into two categories: those that seek to artificially replicate the human body, and those that do not. Feminist theory has long sought to interrogate the materiality of the body, revisiting its political significance in our posthuman world- the most iconic example being Donna Haraway's cyborg that strives to dissolve reductive taxonomies of identity (2010). However, Rosi Braidotti's critique of the neoliberal market's manipulation of the positive potential of the posthuman has shown Haraway's cyborg to have evolved into the contemporary gynoids we see today (2013). With gendered-female technological bodies permeating the field of sexual commerce, new feminist anxieties have arisen. In the field of sociology, Elizabeth Bernstein has noted a burgeoning trend in current sexual commerce, where consumers seek "bounded authenticity... the sale and purchase of authentic emotional and physical connection" (2007, p.192). Lovoticists are also keen to explore how intimacy can be experienced in HRI, with a great deal of focus centred on the variety of possibilities and potentialities inherent to this intimacy. For some roboticists, gendered anthropomorphism in this field has created the impetus for critical reflection on the artificial female body (Shaw-Garlock, 2014), to interrogate what technological bodies designed with the intention of emulating human ones represent. Whilst Lovotics fails to interrogate the symbolism and significance of the gendered body, it pays close attention to "intimacy between humans and robots" (Levy & Cheok, 2018). Lovoticists and sociologists share this interest in HRI, as academic sociological focus is keen to explore manifestations of intimacy in our socio-historical context and how it translates technologically (Jamieson, 2011). As the social-scape changes, questions have arisen regarding the way in which capitalist markets have led to the commercialisation of intimacy. Technology's influence on the commodification process raises key questions regarding which intimacies thrive in this market. How does this affect "gendered (self) representations and sexual subjectivities" and how are these intimacies manifested through different technological mediums? (Attwood et al., 2017, p. 249). To explore these focus points, the following research questions direct the investigation: What is the political significance of the artificial female body in the context of developments in sex-tech, and how does this relate to wider concerns within feminist theory and gender studies?Can we consider the artificial female body as a conduit for intimacy in the field of sex-tech, and explore this trend in relation to globalised sexual commerce? To what extent must Gender Studies incorporate a 'Revision of the Body' given posthuman developments in the Western social-sphere?

该项目旨在探索人工女性身体的不同表现形式如何与性技术创造情感上的亲密互动，通过对Lovotics，后人类主义和女权主义思想相遇的未探索的知识节点的调查。同时，这项研究将调查为什么亲密关系，或“有限的真实性”（伯恩斯坦，2007）是通过性技术和性机器人寻求，以及当这些关系被转移到这个领域的性技术会发生什么。关于性爱机器人的讨论的流行表明人们对HRI的焦虑越来越大（Scheutz & Arnold，2016），而新兴的“Lovotics”领域试图询问人类和机器人之间浪漫互动的可能性（Levy，Cheok & Devlin，2016）。随着性技术产业爆炸式发展成为一个300亿美元的市场，这一研究领域正在以共生和指数方式增长（戴维斯，2018）。将技术创新融入性满足设备的全套产品包括，除其他外，性爱机器人，化身，聊天机器人，人工智能性爱玩具和远程性爱玩具。这些表现形式可以分为两类：那些试图人工复制人体的，以及那些不这样做的。女权主义理论长期以来一直试图质疑身体的物质性，重新审视它在我们的后人类世界中的政治意义-最具代表性的例子是唐娜·哈拉维（Donna Haraway）的电子人，努力消除身份的还原分类法（2010）。然而，罗西·布雷多蒂（Rosi Braidotti）对新自由主义市场操纵后人类积极潜力的批评表明，哈拉维的半机械人已经演变成我们今天看到的当代女性。随着性别女性的技术身体渗透到性商业领域，新的女权主义焦虑出现了。在社会学领域，伊丽莎白·伯恩斯坦（Elizabeth Bernstein）注意到当前性商业中出现了一种新兴趋势，消费者寻求“有限的真实性..真实的情感和身体联系的销售和购买”（2007年，第192页）。恋爱学家也热衷于探索如何在HRI中体验亲密关系，大量的关注集中在这种亲密关系所固有的各种可能性和潜力上。对于一些机器人学家来说，这一领域的性别拟人化创造了对人造女性身体进行批判性反思的动力（Shaw-Garlock，2014），询问旨在模仿人类身体的技术身体代表什么。虽然Lovotics未能质疑性别身体的象征意义和意义，但它密切关注“人类和机器人之间的亲密关系”（Levy & Cheok，2018）。恋爱学家和社会学家对HRI也有同样的兴趣，因为学术社会学的焦点热衷于探索我们社会历史背景下亲密关系的表现形式以及它如何在技术上转化（Jamieson，2011）。随着社会环境的变化，资本主义市场导致亲密关系商业化的方式出现了问题。技术对商品化过程的影响提出了关键问题，即哪些亲密关系在这个市场上蓬勃发展。这如何影响“性别（自我）表征和性主体性”，以及这些亲密关系如何通过不同的技术媒介表现出来？（Attwood等人，2017年，第249页）。为了探索这些焦点，以下研究问题指导调查：在性技术发展的背景下，人工女性身体的政治意义是什么？这与女权主义理论和性别研究中更广泛的关注有什么关系？我们能否将人造女性身体视为性技术领域的亲密渠道，并探讨这一趋势与全球化性商业的关系？鉴于西方社会领域的后人类发展，性别研究在多大程度上必须纳入“身体的修正”？