Prevention of Depression in School Children

预防学童抑郁症

• 批准号: 6603355
• 负责人: MARTIN E SELIGMAN
• 金额: $ 57.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6603355
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); attention; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; clinical research; cognition; coping; depression; disease /disorder proneness /risk; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; mental disorder prevention; parent offspring interaction; patient oriented research; problem solving; questionnaires; secondary schools; teacher

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Our primary aim is the development of school-based programs that robustly prevent depressive symptoms during early adolescence. Over the last decade, we have shown efficacious a school-based resiliency program (the Penn Resiliency Program, or PRP) that teaches cognitive arid problem-solving skills to middle-school children. In an initial study with at risk children, PRP participants reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms than matched controls through two years of follow-up (Giliham, Reivich, Jaycox, & Seligman, 1995). The PRP at the two-year follow-up halved rates of moderate to severe symptoms. Over the past five years, we have been conducting a randomized controlled study of PRP using schoolteachers as intervention leaders in three schools (MH52270: P1 Seligman). PRP significantly prevented depressive symptoms through the 24 month follow-up in two of the three schools. During this follow-up period, 19 percent of controls as compared with 10.5 percent of PRP participants scored in the clinical range on structured clinical interviews. Our goal in the proposed study is to increase the impact of PRP as a targeted intervention by adding a parent component and periodic booster sessions. We will select into the study children with high levels of depressive symptoms. These children and their parents will be assigned to one of three intervention conditions. Children in the first condition will participate in PRP. Children in the second condition will participate in PRP and their parents will participate in a 6-session parent program (the Penn Resiliency Program for Parents - or PRPP). The third condition will be a no intervention control. Children in both the active intervention conditions will participate in 6 booster sessions over the first 2 1/2 years of follow-up. Parents assigned to the parent program will participate in 4 booster sessions during this time. As in our current study, school teachers, counselors, social workers and nurses will be trained to implement the PRP. Guidance counselors and school social workers will be trained to implement the PRP+PRPP. We will follow the children for three years, targeting depressive symptoms and other outcomes as reported by children, teachers, and parents. Our primary hypotheses are that I) PRP will prevent depressive symptoms and clinical levels of depression in this targeted sample and 2) the parent component will enhance these prevention effects. We will also explore several secondary hypotheses: among them, the effects on anxiety symptoms, academic achievement, and psychological well-being. In addition, we will evaluate potential mediators of the prevention effect, including improvements in children's cognitions and coping skills, and improvements in parents' cognitions and symptoms. Should our interventions succeed, this would suggest that this program can be used on a wide scale to prevent depression in early adolescence in young people at risk.

描述（由研究者提供）：我们的主要目标是开发 以学校为基础的项目，在早期阶段有力地预防抑郁症状， 青春期在过去的十年里，我们已经显示出有效的校本 复原力计划（Penn Resiliency Program，或PRP），教授认知 枯燥的问题解决技巧的培训。在一项初步研究中， 在高危儿童中，PRP参与者报告的抑郁症 在两年的随访中， Reivich，Jaycox，& Seligman，1995）。两年随访时的PRP减半 中度至重度症状的发生率。在过去的五年里，我们 进行PRP的随机对照研究，使用学校教师作为 干预领导人在三所学校（MH 52270：P1塞利格曼）。PRP显著 在24个月的随访中， 三所学校。在随访期间，19%的对照组与对照组相比， 10.5%的PRP参与者在临床范围内得分， 结构化临床访谈。 我们在拟议研究中的目标是增加PRP作为有针对性的 通过添加父组件和定期增强会话进行干预。我们 将选择有高度抑郁症状的儿童进行研究。 这些孩子和他们的父母将被分配到三个干预之一 条件第一种情况的儿童将参加PRP。儿童 在第二个条件将参加PRP和他们的父母将 参加一个6节的家长计划（宾州弹性计划， 父母-或PRPP）。第三个条件是无干预控制。 在两种积极干预条件下的儿童将参加6 在随访的前2年半内进行强化治疗。父母分配到 在此期间，家长计划将参加4次助推器会议。作为 在我们目前的研究中，学校教师、辅导员、社会工作者和护士 将接受培训以实施PRP。辅导员和学校社会 工人将接受培训，以实施PRP+PRPP。我们会跟着孩子们 三年来，针对抑郁症状和报告的其他结果 被孩子们老师和家长们 我们的主要假设是：I）PRP将预防抑郁症状， 该目标样本中抑郁症的临床水平和2）父母 这些措施将加强预防效果。我们还将探讨几个 次要假设：其中，对焦虑症状的影响，学术 成就和心理健康。此外，我们将评估 预防效果的潜在媒介，包括改善 儿童的认知和应对技能，以及父母的 认知和症状。如果我们的干预成功，这意味着 这个项目可以广泛用于预防早期抑郁症， 青少年处于危险之中。